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Volume 31, Nº 3, May and June 2018

   

DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.5935/2359-4802.20180019

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Low to Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Myocardial Ischemia on Exercise Stress Echocardiography

Vítor Joaquim Barreto Fontes

Maria Júlia Silveira Souto

Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa

Enaldo Vieira de Melo

Flávio Mateus do Sacramento Conceição

Caio José Coutinho Leal Telino

Mirella Sobral Silveira

Jéssica Aparecida de Santana Dória

Carlos José Oliveira de Matos

Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira





Abstract

Background: The impact of alcohol consumption on the development of myocardial ischemia remains uncertain. Studies diverge whether low to moderate alcohol consumption provides cardioprotection or whether it is a risk factor for myocardial ischemia.

Objective: To study the relationship between low to moderate alcohol consumption and myocardial ischemia on exercise stress echocardiography (ESE).

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 6,632 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease undergoing ESE between January/2000 and December/2015. The patients were divided into two groups: G1, composed of 2,130 (32.1%) patients whose report showed maximal consumption of 1 drink per day on average for women or of 2 drinks per day for men; G2, composed of individuals denying any alcohol consumption. For comparing between the groups, Student t test was used for quantitative variables, and chi-square test or Fisher exact test, for categorical variables. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. Logistic regression was also used to evaluate independente risk factors for myocardial ischemia.

Results: G1 had a higher number of men (77.1%; p < 0.001), lower mean age (54.8 ± 10.3 years old; p < 0.001) and higher frequency of myocardial ischemia on ESE (p = 0.014). Age, male sex, dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and family history were independently associated with myocardial ischemia on ESE. Independent association between low to moderate alcohol consumption and myocardial ischemia on ESE (OR 0.96; 95%CI: 0.83 to 1.11) was not observed. However, age, male sex, smoking and dyslipidemia were associated with alcohol consumption.

Conclusion: Low to moderate alcohol consumption was not an independent predictor of myocardial ischemia on ESE. Nevertheless, we observed a predominance of the male sex, dyslipidemia and smoking habit, importante predictors of myocardial ischemia, in the group of alcohol consumers. (International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2018;31(3)235-243)

Keywords: Alcoholic Beverages; Alcohol Drinking; Risk Factors; Coronary Artery Disease; Echocardiography, Stress.