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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200279

REVIEW ARTICLE

The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know

Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva Costa

Cristina Salvadori Bittar

Stephanie Itala Rizk

Antônio Everaldo de Araújo Filho

Karen Alcântara Queiroz Santos

Theuran Inahja Vicente Machado

Fernanda Thereza de Almeida Andrade

Thalita Barbosa González

Andrea Nataly Galarza Arévalo

Juliano Pinheiro de Almeida

Fernando Bacal

Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira

Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda

Silvio Henrique Barberato

Antonio Carlos Palandri Chagas

Carlos Eduardo Rochitte

José Antonio Franchini Ramires

Roberto Kalil Filho

Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar



Figure 1 - Coronavirus and the heart. Patients with risk factors and/or cardiovascular disease are prone to develop severe forms of COVID-19 and its complications. Pulmonary impairment manifests initially as an influenza syndrome (cough and fever), progressing to pneumonia (dyspnea, hypoxemia, tachypnea) and, in some cases, to ARDS. Host response to the virus leads to systemic inflammation findings, with elevation of markers of inflammation (CRP, procalcitonin, d-dimer, IL-6, ferritin, LDH) and of myocardial injury / cardiac dysfunction (troponin/NT-proBNP), which predisposes to acute heart failure, myocarditis, thrombosis and arrhythmias. Cardiovascular complications hinder the host response to the virus, leading to shock, failure of multiple organs and death. CAD: coronary artery disease; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome.





Keywords: Coronavirus; COVID-19; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications; Heart/physiopathology; Pandemics; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult; Risk Factors; Patient Care.