ABC | Volume 113, Nº5, November 2019

Original Article Saraiva et al. Normal values for new echocardiographic techniques Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 113(5):935-945 p = 0.01) and end-systolic volume (r = -0.34, p = 0.007), and fair positive correlation with apical LV rotation (r = 0.29, p = 0.02), twist (r = 0.28, p = 0.02) and torsion (r = 0.28, p = 0.02, Fig. 2C), but no significant correlation with LV ejection fraction, LV-GLS, LV-GCS or LV-GRS. RV-GLS presented fair positive correlation with age (r = 0.31; p = 0.01) while RV-fwLS did not correlate with age. Among men, age presented a fair negative correlation with passive LA emptying fraction (r = -0.31, p = 0.07). Other variables did not reach statistical significance. Among women, age presented moderate positive correlation with minimum LA (r = 0.51, p = 0.0006) and pre-A volume (r = 0.53, p = 0.0003), fair negative correlation with total LA emptying fraction (r = -0.41, p = 0.007), and moderate correlation with passive LA emptying fraction (r = -0.43, p = 0.005). Among women, age also presented moderate negative correlation with LAScd (r = -0.59, p < 0.0001) and LASr (r = -0.58, p < 0.0001), fair negative correlation with LV end-diastolic (r = -0.34, p = 0.04) and end-systolic volume (r = -0.39, p = 0.02), and moderate positive correlation with apical LV rotation (r = 0.46, p = 0.003), twist (r = 0.43, p = 0.006) and torsion (r = 0.42, p = 0.007), and fair positive correlation with LV-GLS (r = 0.34, p = 0.03) and RV-GLS (r = 0.32, p = 0.05). We analyzed whether the correlations between age and new echocardiographic indexes were independent from gender, BMI and ethnicity (Table 5). The analyzed variables accounted for only a modest percentage of the variability of Table 1 – Characteristics of study participants All n = 77 Male n = 36 Female n = 41 P value a Age, years 40.4 ± 10.4 (range 19–78) 39.5 ± 9.7 (range 19–62) 41.3 ± 11.0 (range 21–78) 0.45 BMI, kg/m 2 25.0 ± 3.2 25.1 ± 3.0 24.9 ± 3.3 0.78 SBP, mmHg 122 ± 12 124 ± 10 121 ± 13 0.28 DBP, mmHg 76 ± 8 77 ± 7 75 ± 9 0.49 Place of origin 0.15 Southeast 32 (41.5%) 19 (52.7 %) 13 (31.7%) Northeast 41 (53.2%) 16 (44.4%) 25 (61%) North 4 (5.2%) 1 (2.8%) 3 (7.3%) Ethnicity 0.13 White 42 (54.5%) 24 (66.6%) 18 (43.9%) Afro-Brazilian 11 (14.3%) 4 (11.1%) 7 (17.1%) Mixed/Browned skinned 24 (31.1%) 8 (22.2%) 16 (39.0%) 2D echocardiogram LA, cm 3.4 ± 0.4 3.5 ± 0.5 3.2 ± 0.3 0.009 LVd, cm 5.0 ± 0.5 5.3 ± 0.4 4.7 ± 0.4 < 0.0001 LVs, cm 3.0 ± 0.4 3.2 ± 0.4 2.8 ± 0.4 < 0.0001 LV ejection fraction, % 68 ± 6 67 ± 5 69 ± 6 0.10 LV S’, cm/s 9.6 ± 2.0 9.8 ± 2.0 9.4 ± 2.0 0.32 LV mass, g/m 2 60 ± 12 63 ± 13 58 ± 11 0.07 E/A ratio 1.6 ± 0.5 1.7 ± 0.5 1.6 ± 0.4 0.08 DT, ms 160 ± 34 161 ± 34 160 ± 35 0.81 E’, cm/s 13.6 ± 2.9 14.1 ± 2.4 13.3 ± 3.2 0.22 E/E’ ratio 6.2 ± 1.8 5.5 ± 1.0 6.9 ± 2.0 0.0003 Vp, cm/s 73 ± 23 72 ± 26 74 ± 120 0.67 E/Vp 1.2 ± 0.4 1.1 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.4 0.21 RV S’, cm/s 14.6 ± 2.3 14.7 ± 2.4 14.6 ± 2.2 0.93 TAPSE, mm 24 ± 4 25 ± 4 24 ± 3 0.71 RVSP, mmHg 26 ± 5 26 ± 5 25 ± 5 0.45 A: peak late wave diastolic filling velocity; BMI: body mass index; DBP : diastolic blood pressure; DT: E-wave deceleration time; E: peak early wave diastolic filling velocity; E’: peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; LVd: LV end-diastolic diameter; LVs: LV end-systolic diameter; RV: right ventricle; RVSP: RV systolic pressure; S’: peak systolic mitral annulus velocity; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; Vp: propagation velocity. a Student’s t-test or contingency tables comparing men vs. women, as appropriate. n (%); mean ± SD. 938