IJCS | Volume 32, Nº1, January/ February 2019

67 1. Giles TD, Berk BC, Black HR, Cohn JN, Kostis JB, Izzo JL Jr, et al. Expanding the definition and classification of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2005;7(9):505-512. 2. Polonia J, Martins L, Pinto F, Nazare J. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and salt intake in Portugal: changes over a decade. The PHYSA study. J Hypertens. 2014;32(6):1211-1221. 3. EganBM,ZhaoY,AxonRN.UStrendsinprevalence,awareness,treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988-2008. JAMA. 2010;303(20):2043-50. 4. Stevens G, Mascarenhas M, Mathers C. Global health risks: progress and challenges. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(9):646. 5. Campbell NR, Brant R, Johansen H, Walker RL, Wielgosz A, Onysko J, et al; Canadian Hypertension Education Program Outcomes Research References Table 2 - Main clinical trials on hemodynamically-guided antihypertensive therapy Author n Study design Results Smith et al. 44 164 Multicenter, randomized After 3 months, a higher reduction in blood pressure was observed in the treatment group guided by ICG, 55% vs. 27%; OR 2.32 (1.27-5.35), p = 0.007 Taler et al. 45 104 Single-center, randomized After 3 months, 56% of the individuals in the ICG-based approach to hypertension achieved blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg vs. 18 (33%); OR 2.55 (1.15-5.64); p = 0.02 Sramek et al. 54 322 Single-center prospective, non-randomized After 3 weeks of ICG-based therapy, 63% of patients became normotensive; success rate of 58-68% Sharman et al. 55 21 Single-center, prospective, non-randomized After 7 months, 57% of patients with resistant hypertension had BP control (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg); p < 0.001 Krzesinski et al. 56 82 Single-center, randomized After 3 months, more patients in the ICG-guided group achieved BP control in both ABPM (23.5 vs. 43.9%, p = 0.117) and OBPM (23.5 vs. 36.6%, p = 0.22) Krzesinski et al. 57 128 Single-center, randomized After 3 months, all blood pressure values were lower in the ICG- guided treatment group, with statistical significance in OBPM and nocturnal blood pressure (p < 0.05) Krzesinski et al. 58 272 Single-center, randomized After 3 months, final BP values were significantly lower in the ICG- guided treatment group for OBPM (p = 0.01), especially in patients with higher blood pressure (p = 0.003) Krzesinski et al. 59 144 Single-center, randomized After 12 months, the final blood pressure values were lower in the ICG-guided treatment group, with a BP reduction of at least 20 mmHg in the office measurements of diastolic pressure (27.3% vs. 12.1%; = 0.034), 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure (49.1% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.013) and improvement in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (delta E/A 0.34 vs. 0.12; = 0.017). ICG: impedance cardiography; OR: odds ratio; ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; OBPM, office blood pressure measurement. Leão and Silva Impedance cardiography and hypertension Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(1)61-69 Review Article Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by RodrigoNazárioLeão, fromUniversidadeNovade Lisboa. Ethics approval and consent to participate This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.