IJCS | Volume 33, Nº4, July and August 2020

362 The PSQI identifies and separates people into the following groups – good sleep (overall score ≤ 4 indicates), poor sleep (score ≥ 5) sleep disorders (scores ≥ 10). 14 Heart rate variability HRV was recorded with a 12-lead electrocardiogram (WinCardio 6.1.1) and the 600Hz electrocardiogramsignal (Micromed Biotechnology Ltda) in the supine position for 10 minutes at rest, with spontaneous and normal respiratory rate (between 9 and 22 breaths per minute). The indices were evaluatedwith Kubios VFCAnalysis software, version 2.0 (Kubios, Finland). Time-domain variability RRinterval time serieswereanalyzed in5-minute sections with a 50% overlap. Two competent observers analyzed the data using the Kubios HRV ® software with automatic filter (Kuopio, Finland), the same used in the HRV analysis. Then, a multi-parameter HRV analysis was performed for the iRR time series. HRV parameters included mean normal-to-normal (NN) [mean NN (ms)] intervals, the standard deviation of the NN time series interval (SDNN), and the square root of the quadratic differences. NN intervals (RMSSD), the pNN50, as well as SD1 (standard deviationof beat-to-beat instantaneousvariability) nonlinear analysis, SD2 (long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals; nu: normalized units; ms: milliseconds; ms²: squaredmilliseconds) nonlinear analysis, and total variance. Frequency domain variability (Spectral Analysis) Frequency domain HRV measurements were characterized by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), in 5-minute segments, 50%overlap, 4hz interpolation, divided into very low frequency (VLF 0 to 0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) components. The sympathovagal balancewas calculatedby the ratio of LF toHF components and expressed in absolute values (ms 2 ) and normalized units (NU). Blood pressure For blood pressure measurements, two validated, automated blood pressure monitors were used (Omron ® HEM-711 and OMROM ® 905). The protocols used for analysis of blood pressure data followed the most recent guidelines of the Seventh Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension 15 and the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, andTreatment ofHypertension inChildrenand Adolescents, 15 including an age-appropriate cuff according to height percentiles. 15 Volunteers were considered with altered blood pressure when the values reached the 95% percentile, taking into account height, age and gender, according to the fourth report on Diagnosis, Assessment and Treatment of Hypertension in Children andAdolescents 9 and Brazilian Hypertension Guidelines. 16 Assessment of physical activity Level and practice of physical activity were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - short version. 17 The questions related to the activities performed in the week prior to the questionnaire administration. Sexual maturation The stage of sexual maturationwas assessed according to the criteria proposed by Tanner. 18 Girls and boys were assessed by female evaluators and male evaluators, respectively, to avoid embarrassment. Blood glucose test Postprandial capillary blood glucose was measured using a calibrated portable glucometer (ON CALL PLUS), using their respective reagent strips toensure their accuracy. Statistical analysis First, datawere submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. Then, the one-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test was used to analyze differences between the groups (FHD and Control). The size effect was calculated according to the Hedges’g method in which indices greater than 0.8 showed high clinical relevance. The level of significance adopted in the statistical analyses was 5%. Data are shown as mean and standard deviation. Statistica ® 5.0 software was used for data analysis. Results The anthropometric and metabolic variables of the Control group and the FHD group are presented in Table 1. When compared with the Control group, the FHD group showed no statistically significant differences in body composition, age, height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure Dias-Filho et al. Family history of diabetes and autonomic nervous system Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(4):360-367 Original Article