IJCS | Volume 33, Nº3, May / June 2020

219 Moreira et al. Cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(3):217-224 Original Article was performed in a single accredited laboratory, using commercial kits. The FRS was applied in all patients to assess the probability of developing a coronary event in 10 years risk of death due to coronary disease. The risk was determined by sex, using the following parameters age, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and diabetes. 13 Analysis Categorical variables were presented by means of frequency tables (absolute and relative). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of continuous variables. For continuous variables with normal distribution, tables with mean and standard deviation were presented, and, for those with distribution, medians and interquartile intervals were presented. In the bivariate analysis, the Mann Whitney test for numerical variables with non-normal distribution was used, and the chi-square test was used in the analysis of categorical variables. For correlation between numerical variables, the Spearman correlation was used. Multiple linear regression was performed with CVR as dependent variable, and independent variables that presented a p-value < 0.200 in the bivariate analysis. A two-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The necessary assumptions for the application of multiple linear regression were met. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows (version 20.0). The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Viçosa, approval number 044/2012. In accordancewithResolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council, which regulates researches involving human beings, the individuals’ free and clarified agreement to participate in the study was requested, guaranteeing the confidentiality of the information and anonymity. Results Regarding the study sample (n = 166), 130 (78.3%) were female and 36 (21.7%) were male. Mean age of the general population was 62.86 ± 9.3 years, higher in men than in women (64.4 ± 7.36 vs. 61.16 ± 9.68 years, p = 0.034). Median duration of hypertension was nine years with interquartile range (IQR) of 4 to 15 years. Median BMI of the general sample was 28.71 kg/m 2 (IQR: 25.75 - 34.20 kg/m 2 ). The prevalence of current smokers was 8.4% (n = 14). Sedentary lifestyle was reported by 48 (28.9%) patients. According to the FRS, the median 10-year CVR in the population was 9% (IQR: 7.0 - 15%). Table 1 describes other demographic, clinical and laboratory data of the studied population. In the bivariate analysis, the CVR was associated with male gender, low educational level, and physical inactivity (Table 2), and exhibited a positive correlation with the number of medications used, and with values of serum urea, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid. The CVR was negatively correlated with estimated GFR (Table 3). In stepwise multiple regression model (Table 4), with the risk for a cardiovascular event in 10 years (FRS) as dependent variable, and sex, educational attainment, physical activity, number of medication used, urea, GFR, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid as independent variables, we observed that sex, serum levels of total cholesterol, GFR and number of medications used by the patients remained independently associated with the FRS (p < 0.05). Male gender increased the risk of cardiovascular event by 8.73%. The increase of 1 mg/dL in cholesterol level and the use of medications increased the risk of cardiovascular event by 0.95% and 0.55% respectively. The one-unit increase in mL/min/1.73 m 2 in GFR decreased the risk of a cardiovascular event by 0.11%. Discussion In the present study, most of the hypertensive patients evaluated were female, with low educational level, and mean age of 62.86 years. Such findings may be representative of the national population, similar characteristics were found in a population-based study carried out in 2016, showing that a diagnosis of AH was more frequently reported by women (27.5%) than men (23.6%), especially by individuals with up to eight years of study. 14 Low educational attainment and advanced age may increase the prevalence of AH 15 and affect its monitoring and treatment. 16 The risk factors for coronary artery disease include modifiable lifestyle habits and non-modifiable factors, such as age and sex. 17 The literature indicates that, among the socioeconomic variables, education is the most correlated with the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, showing an inverse relationship between the degree of schooling and cardiovascular risk. 18 In the