IJCS | Volume 33, Nº2, March / April 2020

137 Table 2 - Factors associated with quality of life in the physical domain in hypertensive individuals Variables Functional Capacity Physical Aspects Pain General Health Crude Adjusted 1 Crude Adjusted 2 Crude Adjusted 3 Crude Adjusted b p b p b p b p b p b p b p b p Demographic Sex (% women) 0.229 0.047 ns ns 0.208 0.072 ns ns -0.233 0.043 -0.243 0.043 -0.169 0.149 ns ns Age (years) -0.040 0.732 - - 0.008 0.944 0.043 0.717 -0.126 0.291 ns ns Educational level (years) 0.183 0.135 0.231 0.044 0.011 0.932 -0.107 0.387 0.101 0.417 Clinical parameters and physical fitness Hypertension time (years) -0.071 0.549 - - 0.056 0.638 -0.164 0.165 ns ns 0.003 0.980 Medications (units) -0.016 0.890 - - -0.191 0.105 ns ns -0.019 0.875 -0.080 0.509 SBP (mmHg) -0.074 0.539 - - 0.282 0.017 0.282 0.017 -0.146 0.226 ns ns 0.025 0.838 DBP (mmHg) 0.093 0.440 - - 0.137 0.254 ns ns -0.157 0.191 ns ns -0.003 0.981 Muscle strength (kgf) 0.236 0.042 0.290 0.011 0.184 0.114 ns ns -0.189 0.104 ns ns -0.202 0.085 ns ns Body mass index (kg/m²) -0.302 0 .007 -0.390 0.001 -0.134 0.243 ns ns 0.175 0.126 ns ns 0.193 0.095 ns ns B: pattern regression coefficient; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Ns: non significant; 1r = 0.486; r² = 0.236, F = 6.583, p = 0.001. 2r = 0.486; r² = 0.236, p = 0.001; 3r = 0.243; r² = 0.059, F = 4.254, p = 0.001. individuals may present benefits from interventions to increase muscle mass and strength, and consequently, quality of life.Additionally, it is noteworthy that Trosclair et al., 42 demonstrated the relationship between grip strength and global strength, which reinforces the grip strength test measurement, mainly due to its ease of application and reproducibility. 29 Also, the relationship between muscle strength and the functional capacity domain may be explained by greater efficiency in the performance of moderate and vigorous daily activities. Thereby, climbing stairs, carrying groceries, walking long distances and performing domestic activities more easily and vigorously can positively influence the quality of life of those patients. 43 In the present study, hypertensive individuals with lower body mass index showed lower scores in the functional capacity domain; in other words, overweight and obesity impair daily activities, reducing the quality of life of hypertensive individuals. Similarly, Awotidebe et al., 44 observed that all quality-of-life domains were worse in hypertensive individuals with higher body mass. Psychological and psychosocial problems related to higher body mass index are probably factors associated with a decrease in the quality of life of those individuals. 45,46 Indeed, obesity has been widely related to anxiety and depression, which increases dissatisfaction levels, causes loss of interest and lack of enjoyment, negatively affecting quality of life. Besides, higher body mass can also lead to negative consequences related to general mobility, mortality and health costs, which can also directly affect the perception of quality of life. 47 Contrary to expectations, systolic blood pressure showed a positive association with the physical aspects of quality of life, disagreeing with other results found in the literature. 22,48,49 Indeed, a previous study 50 observed that patients with higher blood pressure have a lower Silva et al. Factors associated with quality of life Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(2):133-142 Original Article