IJCS | Volume 33, Nº1, January / February 2019

63 1. GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1151-210. 2. World Health Organization.(WHO). Global status of noncommunicable diseases. Geneva; 2014. 3. Arnlov J, Ingelsson E, Sundstrom J, Lind L. Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Circulation.2010;121(2):230-6. 4. Karelis AD. To be obese–does it matter if you are metabolically healthy? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(12):699–700. 5. BluherM. Are there still healthy obese patients? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012;19(5):341–6. 6. Després JP. What is “metabolically healthy obesity?": from epidemiology to pathophysiological insights. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(7):2283–5. 7. Primeau V, L. Coderre, A.D. Karelis, Brochu M, Lavoie ME, Messler V, et al. Characterizing the profile of obese patients who are metabolically healthy, Int J Obes (Lond).2011;35(7):971-81. 8. Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K, McGinn AP, Rajpathak S, Wylie- Rosett J, et al. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the US population (NHANES 1999-2004), Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(15):1617-24. 9. Kramer CK, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions?: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Ann Intern Med.2013;159(11):758-69. 10. Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Fox CS, Vassan RS, Nathan DM, Sullivan LM, et al. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(8):2906-12. 11. Yeboah J, McClelland RL, Polonsky TS, Burke GL, Sibley CT, O'Leary D. Comparison of novel risk markers for improvement in cardiovascular risk assessment in intermediate-risk individuals. JAMA. 2012;308(8):788-95. 12. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15(4):827-32. 13. Raff GL, Abidov A, Achenbach S, Berman DS, Boxt LM, Budoff MJ, et al. SCCT guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of coronary computed tomographic angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2009;3(2):122-36. 14. AlkhawamH, Nguyen J, Sayanlar J, Sogomonian R, Desai R, Jolly J, et al. Coronary artery disease in patients with body mass index ] 30 kg/m 2 : a retrospective chart analysis. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2016;6(3):31483. 15. McGill HC, McMahan CA, Herderick EE, Zieske AW, Malcom GT; Tracy RE, et al. Pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth (PDAY) Research Group. Obesity accelerates the progression of coronary aterosclerosis in young men. Circulation. 2002;105(23):2712-8. References Conclusion Obese patients without other associated risk factors did not show a higher prevalence of obstructive CAD, according to CCTA, compared with non-obese patients. However, coronary artery calcium score was higher in obese than in non-obese individuals, indicating a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis mediated by obesity. Author contributions Conception and design of the research: Pereira LLS, Moraes GM, Carneiro ACC, Moreira VM, Bello JHSM, Prazeres CEE, Rochitte CE, Magalhaes T. Acquisition of data: Pereira LLS, Moraes GM, Carneiro ACC, Moreira VM, Bello JHSM, Prazeres CEE, Rochitte CE, Magalhaes T. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Pereira LLS, Moraes GM, Rochitte CE, Magalhaes T. Statistical analysis: Pereira LLS, Moraes GM, Magalhaes T. Writing of themanuscript: Pereira LLS, Moraes GM, Magalhaes T. Critical revision of themanuscript for intellectual content: Pereira LLS, Moraes GM, Carneiro ACC, Moreira VM, Bello JHSM, Prazeres CEE, Rochitte CE, Magalhaes T. Potential Conflict of Interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This article is part of academic works submitted by Lara Luiza Silvello Pereira and Gisele Marochi de Moraes in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor’s degree in Medicine, from Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná . Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná under the protocol number 1.524.216. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Pereira et al. Obesity and coronary artery disease Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020;33(1):57-64 Original Article

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