IJCS | Volume 32, Nº6, November / December 2019

582 19. Rostami A, Khalili M, Haghighat N, Eghtesadi S, Shidfar F, Heidari I, et al. High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves blood pressure in patients with diabetes and hypertension. ARYA Atheroscler. 2015;11(1):21-9. 20. Shah SR, Alweis R, Najim NI, Dharani AM, Jangda MA, Shahid M, et al. Use of dark chocolate for diabetic patients: a review of the literature and current evidence. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017;7(4):218-21. 21. Engler MB, Engler MM, Chen CY, Malloy MJ, Browne A, Chiu EY, et al. Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. J AmColl Nutr. 2004;23(3):197-204. 22. Fraga CG, Litterio MC, Prince PD, Calabró V, Piotrkowski B, Galleano M. Cocoa flavanols: effects on vascular nitric oxide and blood pressure. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2011;48(1):63-7. 23. Desch S, Kobler D, Schmidt J, Sonnabend M, Adams V, Sareban M, et al. Lowvs. higher-dose dark chocolate and blood pressure in cardiovascular high-risk patients. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23(6):694-700. 24. Irondi EA, Olanrewaju S, Oboh G, Olasupo F, Boligon AA. Inhibitory potential of cocoa leaves polyphenolics-rich extract on xanthine oxidase and angiotensin 1-converting enzyme. J Biol Act ProdNat. 2017;7(1):39-51. 25. Bruinsma K, Taren DL. Chocolate: food or drug?. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99(10):1249-56. 26. Colombo G, Agabio R, Diaz G, Fà M, Lobina C, Reali R, et al. Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats prefer chocolate and sucrose over ethanol. Alcohol.1997;14(6):611-5. 27. HetheringtonMM, MacDiarmid JI. "Chocolate addiction": a preliminary study of its description and its relationship to problem eating. Appetite. 1993;21(3):233-46. 28. Jager G, Witkamp RF. The endocannabinoid system and appetite: relevance for food reward. Nutr Res Rev. 2014;27(1):172-85. 29. Zendehdel M, Tirgari F, Shohre B, Deldar H, Hassanpour S. Involvement of gaba and cannabinoid receptors in central food intake regulation in neonatal layer chicks: role of CB1 and Gabaa receptors. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 2017;19(2):221-9. 30. Asgary S, Rastgar A, Keshvari M. Functional food and cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment: a review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2018;37(5):429-55. 31. Matsumoto C, Petrone AB, Sesso HD, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Chocolate consumption and risk of diabetes mellitus in the Physicians' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(2):362-7. 32. Greenberg JA. Chocolate intake and diabetes risk. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(1):129-33. 33. Liu YJ, Zhan J, Liu XL, Wang Y, Ji J, He QQ. Dietary flavonoids intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(1):59-63. 34. Hooper L, Kay C, Abdelhamid A, Kroon PA, Cohn JS, Rimm EB, et al. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95(3):740-51. 35. Mastroiacovo D, Kwik-Uribe C, Grassi D, Necozione S, Raffaele A, Pistacchio L, et al. Cocoa flavanol consumption improves cognitive function, blood pressure control, and metabolic profile in elderly subjects: the Cocoa, Cognition, andAging (CoCoA) Study--a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(3):538-48. 36. Ramos S, Martín MA, Goya L. Effects of cocoa antioxidants in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel). 2017;6(4):pii:E84. 37. Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Cocoa and dark chocolate polyphenols: from biology to clinical applications. Front Immunol. 2017 Jun 9;8:677. 38. Apostolidou C, Adamopoulos K, Lymperaki E, Iliadis S, Papapreponis P, Kourtidou-Papadeli C. Cardiovascular risk benefits from antioxidant dietary intervention with red wine in asymptomatic hypercholesterolemics. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2015;10(6):e224-33. 39. Colombo AMJ, Valente Filho JM, Moreira DM. Effects of chocolate in the endothelial function of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2015;28(2):89-94. 40. Duarte AAM, Mostarda C, Irigoyen MC, Rigatto K. A single dose of dark chocolate increases parasympathetic modulation and heart rate variability in healthy subjects. Rev Nutr. 2016;29(6):765-73. Duarte et al. Chocolate consumption and infarction Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(6):576-582 Original Article This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License