IJCS | Volume 32, Nº6, November / December 2019

574 Table 1 - Frequency of acute blood transfusion reactions Reaction Characteristics Frequency Febrile non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR) Unexplained fever with or without chills/rigors 1-3:100 Allergic Urticaria, angioedema, dyspnea, shock 1:100-1:500 (minor) to 1:20,000-1:50,000 (severe) Acute Hemolytic Reaction Fever, rigors, chest/abdominal/low back pain, shock, hemoglobinuria 1:12,000 – 1:100,000 Bacterial Sepsis Fever, chills, rigor, shock, nausea, respiratory distress <1:10,000 – <1:250,000 Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) Respiratory distress, nausea, anxiety, increased blood pressure, dyspnea, cough, onset within 6six hours of transfusion 1:100 – 1:1,000 Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) Severe dyspnea and cyanosis, respiratory failure within six hours of transfusion, absence of left atrial hypertension <1:5,000 Adapted from Faed, J. 4 Figure 1 - Main actions in blood transfusion management. Adapted from: Spahn D.R., Goodnough L.T. 5 Azevedo-Silva Transfusion in cardiac surgery Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(6):573-575 Editorial laboratory tests, avoiding intraoperative hypothermia, and encouraging the use of point of care 6 techniques for screening and management of coagulopathies. Recent guidelines indicate the use of restrictive transfusion in many clinical and surgical conditions. The main pillars of PBM are summarized in Figure 1. 5 In the context of cardiac surgery, Mazer et al. 7 demonstrated that, in medium to high-risk patients, restrictive transfusion strategies were not inferior to the liberal transfusion group regarding death from any cause, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, acute renal injury, and new-onset renal failure requiring dialysis