IJCS | Volume 32, Nº5, September/October 2019

522 Table 3 - Prevalence of metabolic syndrome by psychiatric diagnosis Psychiatric diagnostic groups Metabolic syndrome Total WHO NCEP IDF Yes No Yes No Yes No N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) Organic MDs* 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 (0.0) (0.7) (0.7) (0.6) (0.7) (0.6) (0.7) Schizotypal MDs* 8 141 58 91 66 83 149 (50.0) (50.0) (47.2) (52.0) (48.2) (51.6) (50.0) Mood disorders 7 110 53 64 58 59 117 (43.8) (39.0) (43.1) (36.6) (42.3) (36.6) (39.3) Neurotic disorders 1 7 (2.5) 4 4 4 4 8 (6.2) (2.5) (3.3) (2.3) (2.9) (2.5) (2.7) Intellectual disabilities 0 17 4 13 4 13 17 (0.0) (6.0) (3.3) (7.4) (2.9) (8.1) (5.7) Unspecified 0 5 3 2 4 1 5 (0.0) (1.8) (2.4) (1.1) (2.9) (0.6) (1.7) Total 16 282 123 175 161 137 298 (5.4) (94.6) (41.3) (58.7) (46.0) (54.0) (100.0) *MDs- mental disorders; WHO: World Health Organization; NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program; IDF: International Diabetes Federation. Cabral Cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(5):517-526 Original Article MDs, especially in schizophrenic patients comparedwith patients with other psychiatric disorders. 34,35 The higher prevalence of MS in psychiatric patients is explained by the fact that the cause of the MS is multifactorial, including factors related to life style (healthy eating and sedentarism), genetics, perinatal, neurochemical and hormonal factors, in addition to side effects of psychopharmaceuticals, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and weight gain. 6 The prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, includingMS inpatientswithMDs is high. However, some of these risk factors aremodifiable and couldpreventmany of the deaths caused by these conditions. 36 Surprisingly, smokingwas not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk classification. This may be due to the considerable decrease in the percentage of smokers in Brazil in the last decades as a result of several actions of the National Tobacco Control Policy in Brazil.37 Thus, the possibility that psychiatric patients are included in this percentage cannot be ruled out. The pr ed i c t i on o f c a rd i ova s cu l a r r i s k i n cardiovascular prevention has been well explored in the last decades.38 Estimation of the 10-year absolute risk of cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention enables the development of preventive measures, particularly by guiding population strategies and detection of high risk individuals. Also, it can motivate treatment adherence and modulate risk reduction efforts. 39 According to the World Heart Federation, 40 men are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases than women, but the risk increases in post-menopausal women and is practically the same as in men. This could explain the higher prevalence of high cardiovascular risk