IJCS | Volume 32, Nº4, July/August 2019

357 Table 1 - Absolute and relative frequency of sex, race, diabetes mellitus, smoking habits and physical activity level of elderly individuals (n = 94) according to blood pressure status (hypertension vs normotensive), Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil (2015) Normotensive Hypertensive p value Sex Women 52 (55.3%) 86 (62.3%) 0.256 Men 42 (44.7%) 51 (37.2%) Race White 15 (16.3%) 17 (13.2%) 0.515 Others (pardo and black) 77 (83.7%) 112 (86.8%) Smoker No 79 (87.8%) 114 (91.2%) 0.414 Yes 11 (12.2%) 11 (8.8%) Diabetes mellitus No 84 (89.4%) 99 (72.3%) 0.002* Yes 10 (10.6%) 38 (27.7%) Physical activity level Sufficiently active (≥ 150 min/week) 48 (53.9%) 53 (57.5%) 0.605 Insufficiently active (< 150 min/week) 41 (46.1%) 54 (52.5%) (*) Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Araújo et al. Depression and hypertension in elders Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(4):355-361 Original Article Statistical analysis The chi-square test was used to identify differences in proportions between hypertensive and normotensive groups, and between depressive and non-depressive groups. Distribution of dichotomous variables (sex, race, smoking habit, physical activity level, and previous DM) was tested; for continuous variables, normality of distribution was tested with Kolmogorov- Smirnov test. As the assumption of normality was rejected, the Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons of age and BMI between hypertensive and normotensive groups, and between depressive and non-depressive groups. Descriptive analyses were made using absolute and relative frequencies (dichotomous variables), andmedian and interquartile interval (continuous variables). The association between hypertension and depression was tested by a logistic regression method. Additionally, the variables that achieved a significance level of p < 0.1 in the chi-square test (categorical variables) or in the Mann-Whitney test (continuous variables) were included as adjustment variable in the logistic regression, as proposed by Conover. 15 Then, logistic regressions were conductedwith andwithout adjustment for each eligible variable, and with adjustment including all eligible variables together. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used for analyses using the chi-square test, the Mann- Whitney test and logistic regressions, and all procedures were performed using tge IBM SPSS V.21.0 (SPSS, IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). Results In the study population, the prevalence of depressive state was 14% and of hypertension was 59%. Hypertensive elderly subjects had significantly higher BMI compared with normotensive subjects (27.20 ± 5.75 kg/m 2 vs, 23.80 ± 7.13 kg/m 2 , p < 0.05. Age was not different between hypertensive and normotensive elders (72.00 ± 11.00 years old vs. 71.00 ± 13.00 years old, respectively, p > 0.05). Hypertension was significantly associated with DM (p < 0.05), while the variables sex, race, smoking habits, and physical activity level were not significantly associated (p > 0.05). Table 1 shows the association of categorical variables (sex, race, smoking habits, DM and physical activity level) with hypertension. Depressive elders were significantly older than non- depressive elders (76.00 ± 11.50 vs. 71.00 ± 11.00 years old, p < 0.05). Regarding BMI, there was no significant difference between depressive and non-depressive elders (25.20 ± 6.95 kg/m 2 vs. 25.60 ± 7.33 kg/m 2 , respectively, p > 0.05). Depression was significantly associated with physical activity level (p < 0.05), but not with the variables sex, race, smoking habit, and diabetes mellitus were not significantly associated (p > 0.05). Table 1 shows the association of categorical