IJCS | Volume 32, Nº4, July/August 2019

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Limitation of maximal heart rate in hypoxia: mechanisms and clinical importance. Front Physiol. 2018 Jul 23;9:972. 25. Brubaker P, Kitzman DW. Chronotropic incompetence: causes, consequences, and management. Circulation. 2011;123(9):1010-20. 26. Zweerink A, van der Lingen ACJ, HandokoML, van RossumAC, Allaart CP. Chronotropic incompetence in chronic heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(8):e004969. 27. ShenH, Zhao J, Zhou X, Li J, WanQ, Huang J, et al. Impaired chronotropic response to physical activities in heart failure patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17(1):136. 28. Lauer MS, Okin PM, Larson MG, Evans JC, Levy D. Impaired heart rate response to graded exercise. Prognostic implications of chronotropic incompetence in the FraminghamHeart Study. Circulation. 1996;93(8):1520-6. 29. Peçanha T, Silva-Júnior N, Forjaz CL. Heart rate recovery: autonomic determinants, methods of assessment and associationwithmortality and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2014;34(5):327-39. 30. Cole CR, Blackstone EH, Pashkow FJ, Snader CE, Lauer MS. Heart-rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(18):1351-7. References Almeida et al. HR monitors and apps in exercise Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(4):396-407 Review Article the manuscript: Almeida M, Bottino A, Ramos P, Araujo CG. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Almeida M, Bottino A, Ramos P, Araujo CG. Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work. Ethics approval and consent to participate This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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