IJCS | Volume 32, Nº2, May/June 2019

279 Table 4 - Effects of Brazil nuts consumption Study population Intervention (Brazil nuts) Duration Main outcomes New Zealand adults (59) 26 2 units (about 10 g) 12 weeks Increased Plasma Se Increased GPx activity Normolipidemic subjects (15) 27 45 g 15 days Increased Plasma Se Increased Reception of cholesteryl esters by HDL Healthy volunteers (10) 23,28 5, 20 or 50 g 1 day Decreased LDL-c Increased HDL-c Decreased AR index Increased Plasma Se Decreased IL-1, IL-6, TNF α , INF γ Increased IL-10 Obese Adolescents (17) 29 15 to 25 g 16 weeks Decreased LDL-c Decreased LDL-ox Decreased TC Decreased Tryglicerides Increased Plasma Se Increased RBCV Obese Women(37) 30 5 g 8 weeks Increased HDL-c Decreased AR Index Increased Erythrocyte Se Increased Plasma Se Increased GPx activity Dialysis patients(40) 31 , (21) 32,33 , (13) 34 5 g 12 weeks Decreased LDL-c Increased HDL-c- Decreased AR Index Decreased 8-isoprostane,8-OHdG Increased Plasma Se Increased GPx activity IL-6, TNF α , MDA, CRP, Nf-kB- Decrease Increased Nfr2 Hypertenses and dyslipidemics patients (91) 35,36 13g 12 weeks Decreased LDL-ox Decreased Apo A1 Decreased TC Increased Plasma Se Increased GPx activity Increased Nitric oxide LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-ox: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AR index: atherogenic index ratio; IL: interleukin; TNF α : tumor necrosis factor alpha; INF γ : interferon gamma; TC: total cholesterol; RBCV: red blood cell velocity; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine; MDA: malonilaldehyde; CRP: C-reactive protein; Nf- κ B: factor nuclear kappa B; Nfr2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Apo A1: apoliprotein A1. Silva et al. Nuts and cardiovascular diseases Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(3)274-282 Review Article increased reception of cholesteryl ester by HDL, which positively contributes to the nonatherogenic reverse cholesterol pathway. 27 Studies involving healthy volunteers analyzed the lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers after a single consumption of 20 g of Brazil nuts (about four units) and showed that Brazil nuts were able to significantly increase the levels of HDL-c and lower LDL-c and significantly decrease the atherogenic ratio index (AR index). On the other hand, serum triglycerides and total cholesterol did