IJCS | Volume 32, Nº2, May/June 2019

DOI: 10.5935/2359-4802.20190036 203 EDITORIAL International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2019;32(3)203-204 Mailing Address: Claudio Tinoco Mesquita Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Avenida Marques do Paraná, 303. Postal Code: 24033-900, Centro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil. E-mail: claudiotinocomesquita@id.uff.br Open Science, Cardiology and 20 years of SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) Claudio Tinoco Mesquita, 1,2, 3 D anielle Borim, 4 C arlos Eduardo Rochitte 5,6, 7 Universidade Federal Fluminense, 1 Niterói, RJ - Brazil Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, 2 Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 3 Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, 4 Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil Instituto do Coração (InCor) – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 5 São Paulo, SP - Brazil Hospital do Coração (HCOR), 6 São Paulo, SP - Brazil Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 7 Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil Access to Information; Biomedical Research; Open Access Publishing/standards; Open Access Publishing/ history; Open Access Publishing/trends; Information Dissemination/methods; Costs and Costs Analysis; Publishing/economics. Keywords Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. Louis Pasteur The SciELO 20 Years Conference, held fromSeptember 24 to 28, 2018, in São Paulo, was remarkable in many ways, as it represented the recognition of one of the most important scientific initiatives in Latin America and a focal point for the latest innovations in scientific thinking these days. The focus of the meeting was “Open Science,” which is the practice of science that allows collaboration and contribution among researchers, where research data, laboratory observations and other research processes are available free of charge, under terms that allow the reuse, redistribution and reproduction of research and its underlying data and methods. In the past, Open Science consisted in efforts to offer open access to articles in view of the increasing journal subscription costs charged by the publishers, but the movement quickly condensed several democratizing initiatives of knowledge. 1 This innovative and disruptive way of understanding the very meaning of science has been recently analyzed by Vicente-Saez andMartinez-Fuentes, who concluded that the best definition for Open Science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks (Figure 1). 2 Current trends in Open Science were addressed at the SciELO 20 Years Conference and are in line with the path mapped out for the journals of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, such as: open codes, open data, open access to articles, alternative systems for assessing the impact of publications (social impact factor), open data sheets, open laboratory notes, science blogs, collaborative references, citizen science, online data repositories, open peer reviews and access to the manuscripts before they are peer-reviewed (preprints). 1 The multiple advantages of Open Science include access of information to a bigger number of people, the possibility of building collaborative knowledge to make scientific growth faster, and greater scientific visibility of data, as well as faster access to scientific information. With access to research data, these can be checked by anyonewho accesses the data repository. Opening of data reduces the possibilities of scientific misconduct, such as plagiarism, fabrication and falsification of data. 3 Another advantage of open data is the possibility of combining data from different research studies, allowing the generation of new information and answers to questions that would be difficult to be answered individually. Open science is not only about free-access scientific articles. It involves a much greater movement of encouraging publication in free-access journals and standardizing information to facilitate access by data analysis tools. Another very important initiative is the one that makes science more popular and widespread, by changing the behavior of scientific community, so that the scientists can be more open towards each other