IJCS | Volume 32, Nº2, May/June 2019

296 1. Ikeda U, Minamisawa M, Koyama J. Isolated left ventricular non- compaction cardiomyopathy in adults. J Cardiol. 2015;65(2):91-7. 2. Udeoji DU, PhilipKJ, Morrissey RP, PhanA, Schwarz ER. Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy: updated review. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 7(5):260-73. 3. Shemisa K, Li J, Tam M, Barcena J. Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2013;3(3):170-5. 4. Zuccarino F, Vollmer I, Sanchez G, Navallas M, Pugliese F, Gayete A. Left ventricular noncompaction: imaging findings and diagnostic criteria. AJR Am J Roentegenol.2015;204(5):W19-30. 5. Bennett CE, Freudenberger R. The current approach to diagnosis and management of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy: review of the literature. Cardiol Res Pract. 2016.2016:5172308. 6. Bhogal S, Ladia V, Sitwala P, AlBalbissi K, Paul T. Isolated ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy presenting as recurrent syncope. Case Rep Med. 2016.2016:3742171 7. Baker G, Pereira N, Hlavacek A, Chessa K,Shirali G. Transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis and description of noncompaction of ventricular myocardium. Echocardiography. 2006; 23(6): 490–4. 8. Engberding R, Stöllberger C, Ong P, Yelbuz T, Gerecke B, Breithardt G. Isolated noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010;107(12):206-13. References Nascimento et al. Extrasystoles in non-compacted myocardium Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2019;32(3)293-296 Case Report dilated cardiomyopathy, which was underestimated by the patient’s clinical history, who was sedentary. With the start of the treatment for heart failure, there was ventricular function, normalization, but the ventricular arrhythmia persisted. At this time, the possibility of prior myocarditis due to segmental alteration identified on the echocardiogram was suggested, and the arrhythmogenic substrate was seen as a ventricular reentry mechanism. The MRI, previously described as the gold standard imaging method, defined the diagnosis. 4 We also emphasize that, despite the lack of an electrocardiographic presentation typical of Chagas disease, this is part of the differential diagnosis, mainly due to the ventricular arrhythmia manifestation. Zuccarino et al. 4 reinforce the importance of other imaging methods in the diagnosis of non-compacted myocardium, with echocardiography being the first-line examination, but with limitations in the visualization of non-compaction. 4 However, the three-dimensional echocardiography can facilitate the identification of non-compaction. 7,8 Conclusion Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy can lead to fatal complications suchas thromboembolic events, arrhythmias, and sudden death. These complications can be prevented with an early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Ventricular arrhythmias may be the initial manifestation of the disease, and imaging tests play a key role in its diagnosis. Author contributions Conception and design of the research: Nascimento EA, Santos RNC, Dutra FFT, Vitório MGI. Acquisition of data: Nascimento EA, Santos RNC, Dutra FFT, Vitório MGI. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Nascimento EA, Santos RNC, Dutra FFT, Vitório MGI. Writing of the manuscript: Nascimento EA, Santos RNC, Dutra FFT, Vitório MGI. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Nascimento EA, Santos RNC, Dutra FFT, Vitório MGI. Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work. Ethics approval and consent to participate All persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License