IJCS | Volume 31, Nº4, July / August 2018

DOI: 10.5935/2359-4802.20180034 367 ORIGINAL ARTICLE International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2018;31(4)367-373 Mailing Address: Eduardo del Bosco Brunetti Cunha Rua Costa Rica, 858. Postal Code: 82510-180, Bacacheri, Curitiba, PR - Brazil. E-mail: edubrunetti@hotmail.com , edubrunetticunha@gmail.com Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Adolescents Eduardo del Bosco Brunetti Cunha, 1,2 Rafael Pereira Fagundes, 2 Edson Emílio Scalabrin 1 , Roberto Hirochi Herai 1 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), 1 PR - Brazil Faculdade Educacional Araucária, 2 PR - Brazil Manuscript received October 10, 2017; revised manuscript January 17, 2018; accepted February 16, 2018. Abstract Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic, multifactorial and insidious disease that can begin in childhood and adolescence, and whose major consequences appear during adulthood. Serum levels of lipoproteins, such as LDL-c, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, and non-HDL-c can be used as a screening method for disease diagnosis. In Brazil, few studies have correlated the serum levels of those lipoproteins with age. Objective: To evaluate the serum concentrations of TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c, non-HDL-c and triglycerides (TG) of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the municipality of Araucária, Paraná state. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study, collecting the following data from 600 adolescents: age, sex and serum levels of TC, LDL-c, HDL-c and TG from June to December 2016. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software 2.0, with Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman coefficient of correlation to identify statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: The female sex showed higher serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-c than the male sex. The HDL-c levels were identical in both sexes, with 48% of desirable values and 52% of low values. This study identified a strong correlation between the lipids and association with the age group of 10 to 14 years. Conclusion: Non-HDL-c showed stronger correlation with the other lipids (TG, LDL-c and TC) as compared to LDL-c, suggesting that non-HDL-c can be used as an effective complementary diagnostic method to assess the risks for atherosclerosis in adolescents. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018;31(4)367-373) Keywords: Dyslipidemias/epidemiology; Adolescent; Lipoproteins; Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology. Such lipoproteins can adhere to the intimal layer of arteries, causing the formation of atheromatous plaques that lead to atherosclerosis. 6 This atherosclerotic process begins in childhood, before clinical symptoms can be perceived. 7 In the aorta, fatty streaks begin at the age of 3 years, while in the coronary arteries, 5 to 10 years later. 8 Over time, such fatty streaks form fatty plaques that can rupture, leading to different ischemic processes, such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke. 9 The lipid profile is a panel of blood tests to assess the serum concentrations of lipoproteins, such as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-c, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), non-HDL-c, and triglycerides (TG). 10 Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death of men and women worldwide. 1 In Brazil, according to the last 2013 Ministry of Health survey, of a total of 201,062,789 inhabitants, 678,556 of the deaths were related to the circulatory system. 2 The risk factors for CVD are classified as modifiable andnonmodifiable. Some of themodifiable risk factors are sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia. 2 Some nonmodifiable risk factors are family history of CVD, age, sex and ethnicity. 3 Dyslipidemia has a great influence on the development of CVD, since an inadequate diet increases the concentration of low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in blood vessels. 4,5