IJCS | Volume 31, Nº3, May/ June 2018

211 Table 1 - Basal study sample characteristics Basal sample characteristics Military (n = 17) Demographic characteristics Age, years 20 (20-24) Male gender, % 17 (100) Caucasian, % 17 (100) Anthropometric characteristics Weight, kg 75.2 ± 7.8 Lean mass 41.3 ± 2.1 Fat mass, % 19.1 ± 3.3 SBP, mmHg 128 ± 10 DBP, mmHg 73 ± 7 HR, bpm 66 ± 12 Sports history Years of competition 7.4 ± 3.4 Hours of training/day, sports history 2.3 ± 0.6 Hours of training/day, military course 4.0 ± 0.5 Modalities practiced in the past Athletics 5,000 and 10,000m long-distance runner 2 100 and 200m sprinter 2 Weight thrower 1 Soccer 4 Indoor soccer ( Futsal ) 2 Rugby 2 Canoeing 1 Swimming 1 Handball 1 Martial arts 1 SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate. Anthropometric evaluation The anthropometric evaluation was performed under the nursing team coordination, and the military personnel was evaluated through a full body digital scale with impedance (HBF510W, OMRON ® ), which allowed the assessment of body weight, percentage of fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) and height (using a tape measure). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as well as HR measurements were evaluated utilizing an arm blood pressure monitor (HEM 7113, OMRON ® ), according to the current recommendations. 10 To predict the maximum HR, the indirect model was used, based on the equation Maximum HR = 220 – age. The following variables were calculated: variation (Δ) weight, ΔLM, ΔFM; ΔSBP, ΔDBP, ΔHR through the formula: [(final parameter - initial parameter)/initial parameter x 100]. Electrocardiographic evaluation All12-leadECGswereperformedbycardiopneumology technicians (electrocardiograph model 1200HR, NORAV ® ) and interpreted by two cardiologists according to the refined criteria, 11 of which one of themwas blinded to the study conditions. Echocardiographic evaluation All TTEs (Vivid 7, GE Healthcare ® ) were performed by a cardiologist and reviewed by an echocardiography specialist blinded to the study conditions. The echoca rd i ogr aph i c s tudy was de t a i l ed , and echocardiographic windows were obtained according to the current recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology. 12,13 Data were digitally recorded for off- line analysis using the Echopac GE Healthcare software (Horton, Norway ® ). LV wall, interventricular septum (IVS) and LV posterior wall (LVPW) measurements, such as LV diastolic diameter (LVDD), were obtained at the parasternal long-axis window. The relative wall thickness (RWT) was calculated through the formula [(2 * LVPW)/LVDD]. The modified Simpson rule was used to determine the LV volumes and ejection fraction (LVEF) and left atrium (LA) volume. The results were indexed to the body surface area (BSA). LV mass was calculated using the Devereux’s formula. 13 Pulsed Doppler was acquired using a four-chamber apical window. Tissue Doppler images of the mitral and tricuspidannuliwere obtained, and theEande’waveswere determined, as well as the S’ wave velocity, respectively. Two-dimensional echocardiography with speckle- tracking imaging was used to calculate the LV global Dinis et al. Cardiac Remodeling Induced by MilitaryTraining International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2018;31(3)209-217 Original Article