IJCS | Volume 31, Nº3, May/ June 2018

300 Martucheli et al. Cystatin C and acute coronary syndromes International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2018;31(3)290-307 Review Article Cont. Table 2 - Classification of patients, variables included in the multivariate analysis and results of the selected studies Author/ Year Classification of patients according to cystatin C levels Variables included in the multivariate analysis Results Silva et al., 2012 23 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd quartiles (< 0.84 mg/L) 4 th quartile (≥ 0.84 mg/L) Serum cystatin C ≥ 0,84 mg/L; creatinine ≥ 1,10 mg/dL; GFR ≤ 71,1 mL/min/1,73 m 2 ; urea ≥ 52,25 mg/dL; uric acid ≥ 6,3 mg/dL; NT-proBNP ≥ 688,5 pg/mL; EF ≤ 40%. Risk of all-cause mortality: Univariate analysis 4 th quartile x 1 st quartile: OR = 8.5 (1.71-42.15). p= 0.009 Risk of all-cause mortality or reinfarction: Univariate analysis: 4 th quartile x 1 st quartile: OR = 3.40 (1.23-9.39). p = 0.018 Multivariate analysis 4 th quartile x 1 st quartile: OR = 3.89 (1.23-12.31). p = 0.021 Sun et al., 2012 24 1 st quartile (< 1.02 mg/L) 2 nd quartile (1.02-1.16 mg/L) 3 rd quartile (1.17-1.34 mg/L) 4 th quartile (≥1.35 mg/L) Age; sex; DM; hypertension; serum creatinine; GFR; LVEF; serum troponin; number of arteries affected; implanted stents Proportion of patient who developed cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality: 29.68% (4 th quartile); 15.29% (3 rd quartile); 9.10% (2 nd quartile); 4.67% (1 st quartile). p < 0.001 Risk of cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality: Multivariate analysis: 3 rd quartile x 1 st quartile: OR = 3.930 (1.306- 11.829). p = 0.015 4 th quartile x 1 st quartile: OR = 6.380 (2.171-18.751). p = 0.001 Kaski et al., 2010 25 Without classification CHF; previous CVD; TIMI risk score Risk of cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality: Multivariate analysis: OR = 2.15 (0.93-4.92) Taglieri et al., 2010 6 1 st quartile (< 0.81 mg/L) 2 nd quartile (0.81-0.92 mg/L) 3 rd quartile (0.93-1.10 mg/L) 4 th quartile (≥1.11 mg/L) Age; sex; heart rate; BMI; hypertension; hypercholesterolemia; statin therapy; HDL cholesterol; hemoglobin; DM; smoking; myocardial revascularization; previous stroke ; TIMI risk score; troponin levels; CHD during hospitalization; RCP; PCI; administration of clopidogrel; creatinine levels at admission; GFR; serum cystatin C. Proportion of patient who developed cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality 50% (4 th quartile); 44% (3 rd quartile); 37% (2 nd quartile); 26 % (1 st quartile). p < 0.044 Risk of cardiovascular events: Univariate analysis: 3 rd quartile x 1 st quartile: OR = 1.73 (1.08-2.81). p = 0.027 4 th quartile x 1 st quartile: OR = 1.88 (1.17-3.02). p = 0.009 Multivariate analysis: 3 rd and 4 th quartiles x 1 st quartile: OR = 1.66 (1.07-2.57). p = 0.025 Derzhko et al., 2009 26 Without classification Age; sex; BMI; concomitant DM and hypertension; LDL cholesterol; HDL cholesterol; multivessel disease; left anterior descending artery infarction; mitral insufficiency; time of reperfusion; use of ACE inhibitor, use of ß-blocker and statin, baseline levels of the biomarkers CRP, cystatin C, NT-proBNP and troponin Risk of cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality: Multivariate analysis: OR = 2.98 (1.21-7.40). p= 0.008