IJCS | Volume 31, Nº2, March / April 2018

187 24. Maguire JH, Hoff R, Sherlock I, Guimaraes AC, Sleigh AC, Ramos NB, et al. Cardiac morbidity and mortality due to Chagas' disease: prospective electrocardiographic study of a Brazilian community. Circulation. 1987;75(6):1140-5. PMID: 3552307. 25. Forichon E. Contribution aux estimations de morbité et de mortalité dans la maladie de Chagas. Toulouse (France): Univers. Paul Sabatier; 1974. 26. Nunes MC, Dones W, Morillo CA, Encina JJ, Ribeiro AL; Council on Chagas Disease of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology. Chagas disease: an overview of clinical and epidemiological aspects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(9):767-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.046. 27. Manzullo EC, Darraidou MA, Libonatti O, Rozlosnik J, Bazzano AC. Estudio longitudinal de la cardiopatia chagasica cronica. [Tese]. Centro de Chagas de la Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires; 1982. 28. Chagas C. A short chronicle of the discovery of Chagas' disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1988;11(7):1108-13. PMID: 2457892. 29. Samuel J, Oliveira M, Correa De Araujo RR, Navarro MA, Muccillo G. Cardiac thrombosis and thromboembolism in chronic Chagas' heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1983;52(1):147-51. PMID: 6858902. 30. Nunes Mdo C, Barbosa MM, Rocha MO. Peculiar aspects of cardiogenic embolism in patients with Chagas' cardiomyopathy: a transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18(7):761-7. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2005.01.026. 31. Carod-Artal FJ, Gascon J. Chagas disease and stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(5):533-42. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70042-9. 32. Cardoso RN, Macedo FY, GarciaMN, Garcia DC, BenjoAM, Aguilar D, et al. Chagas' cardiomyopathy is associatedwith higher incidence of stroke: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Card Fail. 2014;20(12):931-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.09.003. 33. Sousa AS, Xavier SS, Freitas GR, Hasslocher-Moreno A. Prevention strategies of cardioembolic ischemic stroke in Chagas' disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;91(5):306-10. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066- 782X2008001700004. 34. Rassi Junior A, Gabriel Rassi A, Gabriel Rassi S, Rassi Junior L, Rassi A. [Ventricular arrhythmia in Chagas disease. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic features]. Arq Bras Cardiol.1995;65(4):377-87. PMID: 8728815. 35. SarabandaAV, Sosa E, SimoesMV, FigueiredoGL, PintyaAO,Marin-Neto JA. Ventricular tachycardia in Chagas' disease: a comparison of clinical, angiographic, electrophysiologic and myocardial perfusion disturbances between patients presentingwith either sustained or nonsustained forms. Int J Cardiol. 2005;102(1):9-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.03.087. 36. Rochitte CE, Oliveira PF, Andrade JM, Ianni BM, Parga JR, Avila LF, et al. Myocardial delayed enhancement by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Chagas' disease: a marker of disease severity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(8):1553-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.067. 37. Mello RP, Szarf G, Schvartzman PR, Nakano EM, EspinosaMM, Szejnfeld D, et al. Delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can identify the risk for ventricular tachycardia in chronic Chagas' heart disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;98(5):421-30. doi: http://dx.doi . org/10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000031. 38. Schmidt A, Romano MM, Maciel BC, Marin-Neto JA. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for sudden cardiac death: much more than another method to measure LVEF. Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports. 2013;6(6):431-4. 39. Miranda CH, Figueiredo AB, Maciel BC, Marin-Neto JA, Simoes MV. Sustained ventricular tachycardia is associatedwith regional myocardial sympathetic denervation assessed with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. J Nucl Med. 2011;52(4):504-10. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.082032. 40. Mendoza I, Camardo J, Moleiro F, Castellanos A, Medina V, Gomez J, et al. Sustained ventricular tachycardia in chronic chagasic myocarditis: electrophysiologic and pharmacologic characteristics. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57(6):423-7. PMID: 3946258. 41. Radico F, Cicchitti V, Zimarino M, De Caterina R. Angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: practical considerations for diagnostic tests. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7(5):453-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.01.157. 42. Marin-Neto JA, Simoes MV, Rassi Junior A. Pathogenesis of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy: the role of coronary microvascular derangements. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013;46(5):536-41. doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0028-2013. 43. da Silveira JF, Umezawa ES, Luquetti AO. Chagas disease: recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigens for serological diagnosis. Trends Parasitol. 2001;17(6):286-91. PMID: 11378036. 44. Dias JC, Kloetzel K. The prognostic value of the electrocardiographic features of chronic Chagas' disease. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1968;10(3):158-62. PMID: 4982469. 45. Strauss DG, Cardoso S, Lima JA, Rochitte CE, Wu KC. ECG scar quantification correlates with cardiac magnetic resonance scar size and prognostic factors in Chagas' disease. Heart. 2011;97(5):357-61. doi: doi: 10.1136/hrt.2010.210047. 46. Acquatella H. Echocardiography in Chagas heart disease. Circulation. 2007;115(9):1124-31. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.627323. 47. Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, Rassi A Jr, Marin-Neto JA, Dantas RO, et al. Evaluation and treatment of chagas disease in the United States: a systematicreview.JAMA.2007;298(18):2171-81.doi:10.1001/jama.298.18.2171. 48. Patel AR, Lima C, Parro A, Arsenault M, Vannan MA, Pandian NG. Echocardiographic analysis of regional and global left ventricular shape in Chagas'cardiomyopathy.AmJCardiol.1998;82(2):197-202.PMID:9678291. 49. Sousa AC, Marin-Neto JA, Maciel BC, Gallo Junior L, Amorim Dde S, Barreto-Martins LE. [Systolic and diastolic dysfunction in the indeterminate, digestive and chronic cardiac forms of Chagas' disease]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1988;50(5):293-9. PMID: 3240108. 50. Viotti RJ, Vigliano C, Laucella S, Lococo B, Petti M, Bertocchi G, et al. Value of echocardiography for diagnosis and prognosis of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy without heart failure. Heart. 2004;90(6):655-60. PMID: 15145872. 51. de Almeida-Filho OC, Maciel BC, Schmidt A, Pazin-Filho A, Marin-Neto JA. Minor segmental dyssynergy reflects extensive myocardial damage and global left ventricle dysfunction in chronic Chagas disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2002;15(6):610-6. PMID: 12050602. 52. Pazin-Filho A, Romano MM, Gomes Furtado R, de Almeida Filho OC, Schmidt A, Marin-Neto JA, et al. Left ventricular global performance and diastolic function in indeterminate and cardiac forms of Chagas' disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20(12):1338-43. doi: 10.1016/j. echo.2007.04.029. 53. Gomes VA, Alves GF, Hadlich M, Azevedo CF, Pereira IM, Santos CR, et al. Analysis of regional left ventricular strain in patients with chagas disease and normal left ventricular systolic function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29(7):679-88. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.03.007. 54. Barbosa MM, Costa Rocha MO, Vidigal DF, Bicalho Carneiro Rde C, Araújo RD, Palma MC, et al. Early detection of left ventricular contractility abnormalities by two-dimensional speckle tracking strain in Chagas' disease. Ecocardiography. 2014;31(5):623-30. doi: 10.1111/echo.12426. 55. Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23(7):685-713. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010. 56. Moreira HT, Volpe GJ, Marin-Neto JA, Nwabuo CC, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Gali LG, et al. Right ventricular systolic dysfunction in Chagas disease defined by speckle-tracking echocardiography: a comparative study with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(5):493-502. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.010. Simões et. al. Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018;31(2)173-189 Review Article

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjM4Mjg=