ABC | Volume 115, Nº1, July 2020

Original Article Tozo et al. Hypertensive measures and childhood obesity Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):42-49 In the total sample, it was identified that individuals with general obesity had higher SBP (p<0.001) and height-z (p=0.005) than eutrophic individuals (Table 3). According to sex, it was observed that both boys and girls with general obesity had higher SBP (p=0.003; p=0.001) and WC (p<0.001; p<0.001). However, only girls had higher values of height -z and greater participation in light and vigorous activities compared to eutrophic ones (p<0.05). In the group with central obesity, the girls had higher SBP (p=0.026), body weight (p<0.001), height (p=0.038) and BMI-z (p<0.001) compared to the group considered adequate. In relation to boys, the group with central obesity showed higher SBP (p=0.002), DBP (p=0.003), body mass (p<0.001) and BMI-z (p<0.001) compared to the group considered adequate (Table 4). However, no differences were identified for the practice of physical activity. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were also assessed according to AF-mv (Table 5). In the total sample, active individuals had higher values of body weight (p=0.002), BMI (p=0.016), height z (p=0.001), in addition to lower DBP (p=0.046) compared to those classified as insufficiently active. In relation to girls considered sufficiently active, higher values for body mass (p=0.005), height (p=0.048), WC (p=0.015), BMI (p=0.005) and height z (p=0.016) were identified compared to insufficiently active girls. Sufficiently active boys had higher z-stature (p=0.025) than insufficiently active boys. Analyzing the anthropometric parameters CC, BMI and AF-mv with blood pressure (Table 6), the boys presented a higher proportion of prehypertension and arterial hypertension (p=0.033). The individuals considered active had a higher proportion of diastolic prehypertension, while sedentary individuals had a higher proportion of AH (p=0.015). It was observed that adolescents with central obesity, as well as those with overweight, had a higher proportion of prehypertension and hypertension and high SBP (p<0.001). According to the odds ratio analysis (Table 7), there was no difference between sexes for high AH (OR = 1.40; CI = 0.88–2.22), SBP (OR = 1.35; CI = 0.85–2.14) and DBP (OR = 0.84; CI = 0.40–1.77). On the other hand, according to adiposity indicators, individuals with central obesity were 6.11 (CI = 2.59–14.42) times more likely to have AH than those with adequateWC, while obesity general analysis revealed that the probability of presenting AH is 2.91 (CI = 1.77 = 4.79) higher than those who presented adequate BMI z-score. In addition, it was observed that sufficiently active adolescents had a reduction of approximately one third in the risk of high DBP (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.72). Discussion The main results revealed higher risk for the presence of AH in students with abdominal obesity (OR = 6.11) and general obesity (OR = 2.91). In addition, adolescents who practice AF-mv showed a 33% reduction in the risk of high DBP. The current literature has been consistent in showing that BMI-z and WC are strongly associated with AH in childhood and adolescence. 9 In addition, the findings of this study show a relevant protective factor of the practice of AF-mv for the presence of AH in adolescence, an aspect that has been little explored in population-based studies. Table 1 – Sample distribution by sex and age range Age range (years) Male (n) Female (n) 12 33 29 13 38 29 14 34 36 15 23 36 16 21 29 17 14 15 Table 2 – Sample characteristics Total (n=336) Female (n=173) Male (n=163) W Age (years)# 14.50[13.35–15.88] 14.74[13.52–15.99] 14.35[13.16-15.54] 0.103 Body weight (kg)# 56.25[47.90-64.60] 54.70[46.90-62.00] 58.90[49.35-70.50] 0.001 Stature (cm) 1.62[0.10] 1.59[0.07] 1.66[0.10] <0.001 Stature -z# 0.49[0.29-0.78] 0.44[0.26-0.71] 0.57[0.34-0.82] 0.003 WC (cm) # 68.00[62.50-74.00] 65.00[60.00-70.00] 71.00[65.50-78.00] <0.001 BMI (kg/m 2 )# 21.29[19.00-24.09] 21.55[19.17- 24.01] 20.79 [18.87. 24.80] 1.000 BMI-Z 0.51[1.22] 0.37[1.16] 0.65[1.27] 0.034 SBP (mmHg)# 124 .00[113.50-132.50] 120 .00[111.00-131.00 ] 127 .00[118.00-135.25] <0.001 DBP (mmHg)# 69.50[63.38-75.00] 70.00[65.00-76.50] 68.00[61.75-74.00] 0.009 PA-light (min/day)# 19.29[2.50-42.86] 14.29[0.00-38.57] 25.71[8.57-48.21] 0.007 PA- Moderate (min/day)# 17.14[6.43-34.64] 12.86[6.43-34.29] 17.14[6.79-37.14] 0.282 PA- Vigorous (min/day)# 7.14[0.00-17.14] 5.71[0.00-14.29] 8.57[0.00-25.71] 0.009 SD: standard deviation; # non-parametric; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI; body mass index; WC; waist circumference; BMI-Z: BMI z-score; PA: physical activity. 44