ABC | Volume 115, Nº1, July 2020

Original Article Macedo et al. Resistant hypertension in afrodescendants Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):31-39 Table 1 – Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients seen at a referral center, according to resistant or refractory hypertension Characteristics Hypertension RH RfH N % % % p-value Age (years) Up to 60 69 46.9 38.0 59.2 60 or more 75 51.0 62.0 40.8 0.012 * Gender Male 46 31.3 32.9 31.0 Female 100 68.7 67.1 69.0 0.724 Ethnicity White 12 8.2 12.9 4.3 Black 60 40.8 41.4 41.4 Brown 70 47.6 45.7 54.3 0.17 † BMI (kg/m 2 ) Not obese 86 58.5 62.3 61.2 Obese 53 36.1 37.7 38.8 0.898 ‡ Diabetes Mellitus No 86 58.9 56.9 69.0 Yes 50 34.2 43.1 31.0 0.144 Smoking No 87 59.6 58.2 63.9 Yes 54 37.0 41.8 36.1 0.869 Dyslipidemia No 34 23.1 33.3 16.2 Yes 102 69.4 66.7 83.8 0.021 GFR<60mL/min No 79 54.1 65.5 65.6 Yes 41 34.2 34.5 34.4 0.275 Framingham’s risk score Low risk 45 30.8 31.3 33.8 Moderate/high risk 89 61.0 68.7 66.2 0.753 § Adherence to therapy (MMAS 8) Low 44 30.1 33.8 32.4 Moderate/High 89 61.0 66.2 67.6 0.855 // Previous AMI No 104 71.2 78.5 77.9 Yes 29 19.9 21.5 22.1 0.942 Previous stroke No 105 71.9 87.7 12.3 Yes 29 19.9 69.6 30.4 0.011 Use of the triad (ARB/ACEi+CCB+Diuretic) No 30 20.4 25.4 9.9 Yes 116 79.6 74.6 90.1 0.015 RH: resistant hypertension; RfH: refractory hypertension; BMI: body mass index; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; MMAS 8: morisky questionnaire; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CCB: Calcium channel blocker. * P-value for distribution of subjects aged 60 years old or older or less than 60 years into RH versus RfH; † P-value for ethnicity distribution into RH versus RfH; ‡ P-value for the distribution of obese (BMI≥30) and non-obese (BMI<30) subjects into RH versus RfH; § P-value for low and moderate/high risk distribution using the Framingham’s Risk Score into RH versus RfH; // P-value for low and moderate/high adherence distribution by the Morisky score into RH versus RfH. 34