ABC | Volume 114, Nº5, May 2020

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J Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Clin Invest. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137244. References phases, when the risk of bleeding is higher. If deciding to use anticoagulation, LMWH should be chosen for stable patients with normal creatinine clearance (dose of 1 mg/ kg, 12/12h, subcutaneous). In case of shock or creatinine clearance below 50 mL/min/m², intravenous heparin (18 IU/kg/h) should be used, aiming at an activated partial thromboplastin time between 1.5 and 1.8. However, there is no evidence to support the wide use of the therapeutic dose of heparin in COVID-19. In conclusion, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 involves activation of the inflammatory response and induction of the thrombotic system. Currently, the expert consensus suggests anticoagulant treatment for patients with the pro-coagulant phenotype (high D-dimer, prolongation of prothrombin time and increased plasma levels of fibrin fragments). Further studies are required to confirm the real role of anticoagulation to prevent COVID-19 complications. Author contributions Conception and design of the research and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Nascimento JHP, Gomes BFO, Resende P, Petriz JLF, Rizk SI, Costa IBSS, Lacerda MVG, Bacal F, Hajjar LA, Oliveira GMM; Acquisition of data: Nascimento JHP, Gomes BFO, Resende P, Petriz JLF, Costa IBSS, Lacerda MVG, Bacal F, Hajjar LA, Oliveira GMM; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Nascimento JHP, Gomes BFO, Resende P, Petriz JLF, Rizk SI, Costa IBSS, Hajjar LA, Oliveira GMM; Statistical analysis: Nascimento JHP, Gomes BFO, Resende P, Petriz JLF, Oliveira GMM; Obtaining financing: Lacerda MVG; Writing of the manuscript: Nascimento JHP, Gomes BFO, Resende P, Petriz JLF, Lacerda MVG, Bacal F, Oliveira GMM. Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Jorge Henrique Paiter Nascimento, from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Ethics approval and consent to participate This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. 832