ABC | Volume 114, Nº4, April 2020

Original Article Güneş et al. Epicardial adipose tissue and insulin resistance Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(4):675-682 Table 4 – Univariate and multivariate analysis for predicting insulin resistance Univariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis B S.E. Wald P OR %95 CI B S.E. Wald P OR %95 CI Epicardial adipose tissue 0,275 0,098 7,886 0,005 1,317 1,087–1,596 0,228 0,108 4,423 0,035 1,256 1,016–1.553 Systolic blood pressure 0,044 0,015 8,384 0,004 1,045 1,014–1,077 0,038 0,016 5,896 0,015 1,039 1,007–1.072 Diastolic blood pressure 0,049 0,019 6,959 0,008 1,050 1,013–1,089 PA Lateral 0,078 0,027 8,661 0,003 1,081 1,026–1,139 PA Septum 0,095 0,038 6,386 0,012 1,100 1,022–1,184 Inter-atrial EMD 0,066 0,029 5,123 0,024 1,068 1,009–1,130 Intra-atrial EMD 0,149 0,065 5,352 0,021 1,161 1,023–1,318 Height 3,845 1,671 5,292 0,021 46,737 1,767–1236,369 Weight 0,032 0,011 8,804 0,003 1,033 1,011–1,055 All the variables from Table 1 and Table 2 were examined and only those significant at p < 0.05 level are shown in univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses including all the variables in univariate analysis with the enter method. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Non-significant variables in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were not included in table. B: Beta coefficients; CI: Confidence interval; EMD: Electromechanical delay. OR: odds ratio; PA: time interval from the onset of P-wave on surface ECG to the beginning of Am wave interval with tissue Doppler echocardiography; S.E.: standard error; Wald: Wald test. 1. World Health Organization. (WHO). “Global and regional trends by UN Regions, 1990–2025; Overweight:1 990-2015”. Genrva;2016. [Cited in 2018 Jan 10] Available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main. NUTUNREGIONS? 2. Lobstein T, Jackson-Leach R, MoodieML, Hall KD, Gortmaker SL, Swinburn BA,et al. Child, and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture. Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2510-20. 3. deOnisM,BlössnerM,BorghiE.Globalprevalenceandtrendsofoverweight and obesity among preschool children. Am J ClinNutr. 2010;92(5):1257-64. 4. OgdenCL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806-14. 5. Strauss RS, Bradley LJ, Brolin RE. Gastric bypass surgery in adolescents with morbid obesity. J Pediatr. 2001;138(4): 499-504. 6. Roberto CA, Swinburn B, Hawkes C, Huang TT, Costa SA, Ashe M, et al. Patchy progress on obesity prevention: emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking. Lancet. 2015;385(9985):2400-9. 7. HanJC,LawlorDA,KimmSY.Childhoodobesity.Lancet.2010;375(9727):1737-48. 8. Kelly AS, Barlow SE, Rao G, Inge TH, Hayman LL, Steinberger J, et al. American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Severe obesity in children and adolescents: identification, associated health risks, and treatment approaches: a scientific statement from the AmericanHeart Association. Circulation. 2013 8;128(15):1689-712. 9. Iacobellis G, Leonetti F. Epicardial adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 ;90(11):6300-2. 10. Mazur A, Osta ń ski M, Telega G, Malecka-Tendera E. Is epicardial fat tissue a marker of metabolic syndrome in obese children? Atherosclerosis. 2010;211(2):596-600. 11. AbateN, Garg A, Peshock RM, Stray-Gundersen J, Grundy SM. Relationships of generalized and regional adiposity to insulin sensitivity in men. J Clin Invest.1995;96(1):88-98. References Author contributions Conception and design of the research: Güneş H; Acquisition of data and Statistical analysis: Güneş, H, Temiz F; Analysis and interpretation of the data, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Güneş H, Güneş, H, Temiz F. Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This study is not associatedwith any thesis or dissertationwork. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University under the protocol number 349/2019. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all patients participants included in the study. 680