ABC | Volume 114, Nº4, April 2020

Short Editorial Colafranceschi How do we know a change is an improvement? Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(4):613-615 1. Braile D, Gomes CJ. Evolution of cardiovascular surgery: the Brazilian saga. A history of work, pioneering experience and success. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;94(2):151-2.  2. Mejia OAV, Lisboa LAF, Caneo FF, Arita E T, Brandão CMA, Dias RR, et al. Análise de >100.000 cirurgias cardiovasculares realizadas no Instituto do Coração e a nova era com foco nos resultados. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(4):603-612. 3. Solberg LI, Mosser G, McDonald S.  The Three Faces of Performance Measurement: Improvement, Accountability, and Research. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement. 19(7;23(3):135-47. 4. Berwick DM. Continuous improvement as an ideal in health care. N Engl J Med. 1989 ;320(1):53-6. 5. Sanchez, JÁ; Ferdinand, FD; Fann, JI. Patient Safety in Cardiothoracic Surgery. An Overview. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(2):426-33. 6. SumanGS, Prajapati D. Control chart applications in healthcare: a literature review. Int J Metrol Qual Eng. 2018;9(5):1-21. 7. Neuhauser D, Provost L, Bergman B. Themeaning of variation to healthcare managers, clinical and health-services researchers, and individual patients. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011 Apr;20( Suppl 1):i36-40.  References This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 615