ABC | Volume 114, Nº3, March 2020

Statement Brazilian Position Statement on Resistant Hypertension – 2020 Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):576-596 27. da Costa PM, Cortez AF, de Souza F, Mares GS, Dos Santos BDM, Muxfeldt ES. Prognostic impact of baseline urinary albumin excretion rate in patients with resistant hypertension: a prospective cohort study. J HumHypertens. 2018;32(2):139-49. 28. Oliveras A, Armario P, Sierra C, Arroyo JA, Hernandez-del-Rey R, Vazquez S, et al. Urinary albumin excretion at follow-up predicts cardiovascular outcomes in subjects with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(9):1148-54. 29. Cortez AF, Muxfeldt ES, Cardoso CR, Salles GF. Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein in Resistant Hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2016;29(8):992-1000. 30. de la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR, Gorostidi M, de la Cruz JJ, Armario P, et al. Clinical features of 8295 patients with resistant hypertension classified on the basis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension. 2011;57(5):898-902. 31. WhiteWB. Ambulatory blood pressuremonitoring as an investigative tool for characterizing resistant hypertension and its rational treatment. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007;9(1 Suppl 1):25-30. 32. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESHGuidelines for themanagement of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021-104. 33. Malachias M, Plavnik FL, Machado CA, Malta D, Scala LCN, Fuchs S. 7th Brazilian Guideline of Arterial Hypertension: Chapter 1 - Concept, Epidemiology and Primary Prevention. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016;107(3 Suppl 3):1-6. 34. Mancia G, Fagard R. Guidelines for themanagement of hypertension and target organ damage: reply. J Hypertens. 2013; 31(12):2464-5. 35. Nobre FMJ, Gomes MAM, Barbosa ECD, Rodrigues CIS, Neves MFT et al. 6ª Diretrizes de Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial e 4ª Diretrizes de Monitorização Residencial da Pressão Arterial. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 2018;110(5 Supl.1):1-29. 36. SilvaGV,MionD.PapeldaMAPAedaMRPAnaavaliaçãodepacientescom hipertensão de difícil controle. Rev Bras Hipertens. 2008;15(1):17-20. 37. Muxfeldt ES, Bloch KV, Nogueira AR, Salles GF. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring pattern of resistant hypertension. Blood Press Monit. 2003;8(5):181-5. 38. Souza WKS, Jardim PCB, Porto LB, Araújo FA, Sousa ALL, Salgado CM. Comparação e correlação entre automedida, medida casual e monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;97(2):148-55. 39. Breaux-Shropshire TL, Judd E, Vucovich LA, Shropshire TS, Singh S. Does home blood pressuremonitoring improve patient outcomes? A systematic review comparing home and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on blood pressure control and patient outcomes. Integr Blood Press Control. 2015;8:43-9. 40. Alessi A, Brandao AA, Coca A, Cordeiro AC, Nogueira AR, Diogenes de Magalhaes F, et al. First Brazilian position on resistant hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;99(1):576-85. 41. Souza WKS, Jardim PCB, Brito LP, Araújo FA, Sousa ALL. Automedida da pressão arterial para o controle das cifras tensionais e para a adesão ao tratamento. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;98:(2)167-74. 42. VamsiV,GolubA,MijaP,FeketeP,FindriF,Prkacin I.Centralbloodpressure andpulsewavevelocity inpatientswithresistanthypertension.SignaVitae. 2018;14(Suppl 1):28-30. 43. Cuspidi C, Macca G, Sampieri L, Michev I, Salerno M, Fusi V, et al. High prevalence of cardiac and extracardiac target organ damage in refractory hypertension. J Hypertens. 2001;19(11):2063-70. 44. de la Sierra A, Banegas JR, Oliveras A, Gorostidi M, Segura J, de la Cruz JJ, et al. Clinical differences between resistant hypertensives and patients treated and controlled with three or less drugs. J Hypertens. 2012;30(6):1211-6. 45. Sim JJ, Bhandari SK, Shi J, Reynolds K, Calhoun DA, Kalantar-Zadeh K, et al. Comparative risk of renal, cardiovascular, and mortality outcomes in controlled, uncontrolled resistant, and nonresistant hypertension. Kidney Int. 2015;88(3):622-32. 46. Nilsson PM. Hemodynamic Aging as the Consequence of Structural Changes Associated with Early Vascular Aging (EVA). Aging Dis. 2014;5(2):109-13. 47. Papakatsika S, Stabouli S, Antza C, Kotsis V. Early Vascular Aging: A New Target for Hypertension Treatment. Curr PharmDes. 2016;22(1):122-6. 48. BarbaroNR, de Araujo TM, Tanus-Santos JE, Anhe GF, Fontana V, Moreno H. Vascular Damage in Resistant Hypertension: TNF-Alpha Inhibition Effects on Endothelial Cells. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:631594. 49. Barbaro NR, Fontana V, Modolo R, De Faria AP, Sabbatini AR, Fonseca FH, et al. Increased arterial stiffness in resistant hypertension is associated with inflammatory biomarkers. Blood Pressure.2015;24(1):7-13. 50. Camici GG, Savarese G, Akhmedov A, Luscher TF. Molecular mechanism of endothelial and vascular aging: implications for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(48):3392-403. 51. Harvey A, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Vascular biology of ageing- Implications in hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2015 Jun;83:112-21. 52. Rizzoni D, Agabiti Rosei C, De Ciuceis C, Semeraro F, Rizzoni M, Docchio F. NewMethods to Study theMicrocirculation. Am J Hypertens. 2018;31(3):265-73. 53. Lehmann MV, Schmieder RE. Remodeling of retinal small arteries in hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24(12):1267-73. 54. Cecelja M, Chowienczyk P. Molecular Mechanisms of Arterial Stiffening. Pulse (Basel). 2016;4(1):43-8. 55. Mikael LR, Paiva AMG, Gomes MM, Sousa ALL, Jardim P, Vitorino PVO, et al. Vascular Aging and Arterial Stiffness. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109(3):253-8. 56. Mozos I, Malainer C, Horbanczuk J, Gug C, Stoian D, Luca CT, et al. Inflammatory Markers for Arterial Stiffness in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1058. 57. Balduino Mendes AB, Giollo-Junior LT, de Andrade DO, Gregorio ML, Yugar-Toledo JC, Vilela-Martin JF. How to Investigate the Vascular Changes in Resistant Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rev. 2016;12(2):139-47. 58. Virdis A. Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging: From Pathophysiology to Treatment, with a Look at the Future. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2018;25(2):135-6. 59. Joly L. Arterial stiffness and cognitive function. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2017;15(1):83-8. 60. Hughes TM, Wagenknecht LE, Craft S, Mintz A, Heiss G, Palta P, et al. Arterial stiffness and dementia pathology: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)-PET Study. Neurology. 2018;90(14):e1248-e56. 61. Muntner P, Davis BR, Cushman WC, Bangalore S, Calhoun DA, Pressel SL, et al. Treatment-resistant hypertension and the incidence of cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease: results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Hypertension. 2014;64(5):1012-21. 62. Lotufo PA, Pereira AC, Vasconcellos PS, Santos IS, Mill JG, Bensenor IM. Resistant Hypertension: Risk Factors, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Comorbidities Among Adults—The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Clin Hypertens. 2015;17(1):74-80. 63. Iadecola C. Hypertension and Dementia. Hypertension. 2014;64(1):3-5. 64. LaurentS,BoutouyrieP.Thestructuralfactorofhypertension: largeandsmall artery alterations. Circ Res. 2015;116(6):1007-21. 65. Howard VJ, Tanner RM, Anderson A, IrvinMR, CalhounDA, LacklandDT, et al.ApparentTreatment-resistantHypertensionAmongIndividualswithHistory ofStrokeorTransient IschemicAttack.Am JMed.2015;128(7):707-14.e2. 592