ABC | Volume 114, Nº3, March 2020

Original Article Arantes et al. Added salt and blood pressure Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):554-561 Table 01 – Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample (n = 55), Goiânia, Brazil, 2014 Variables Normotensive (n = 18) Prehypertensive (n = 15) Hypertensive (n = 22) p* Median IQ Median IQ Median IQ Age 45.0 30-52 46.0 43-54 52.0 41-56 0.08 BMI 25.1 23.5-27.2 27.6 25.7-31.1 28.4 25.6-31.8 0.03 Sex N % N % N % p † Male 09 50.0 11 73.3 12 54.5 0.424 Female 09 50.0 04 26.7 10 45.5 *Kruskal-Wallis test; † Fisher’s exact test; p-value < 0.05 was considered significant; BMI: body mass index (kg/m 2 ); IQR: interquartile range. intake (assessed by 24-hour urinary sodium) and central dynamics and found a correlation with arterial stiffness parameters – cPP, AIx75%, cSBP and central mean arterial pressure. 20 A study conducted in China evaluated the association between salt intake (24-hour urinary excretion) with CBP in three groups of untreated hypertensive patients divided into three groups according to mean urinary sodium excretion – group A, 76.9 mmol, group B, 146.6 mmol and group C 258.6 mmol, corresponding respectively to 4.7 g, 9.6 g and 15.8 g of salt per day. The mean 24-h urinary sodium of all patients was 166.6mmol, or 10.1g of salt. Parameters of arterial stiffness (cSBP, cDBP and AIx75%) worsened from group A to group C. 21 Table 02 – Within-group comparisons (Visits 1B and 4) of central blood pressure parameters (n = 55) Variables Normotensive group (n = 18) p Prehypertensive group (n = 15) p Hypertensive group (n = 22) p V1b V4 V1b V4 V1b V4 Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean± SD Mean ± SD cSBP 107.2 ± 9.2 103.4 ± 10.4 0.24 119.2 ± 8.5 115.0 ± 9.9 0.22 119.0 ± 12.6 113.4 ± 9.0 0.10 cDBP 73.3 ± 4.7 70.6 ± 7.0 0.18 82.3 ± 8.9 74.7 ± 19.6 0.17 83.3 ± 11.6 78.5 ± 8.3 0.12 cPP 34.1 ± 6.6 32.3 ± 7.5 0.45 36.9 ± 6.5 35.1 ± 4.9 0.41 35.6 ± 6.7 34.9 ± 6.0 0.70 AIx 75% 22.5 ± 15.3 21.8 ± 13.0 0.87 23.4 ± 10.4 19.7 ± 11.7 0.36 25.0 ± 10.5 23.3 ± 10.5 0.59 SD: standard deviation; *paired Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon test; cSBP: central systolic blood pressure (mmHg); cDBP: central diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); cPP: central pulse pressure (mmHg); ALx 75%: augmentation index 75%. Figure 2 – Comparison of delta sodium excretion between normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive groups; ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test. 200 100 –100 –200 0 Delta de sódio excretado (g/dia) Normotensive Prehypertensive Hypertensive 557