ABC | Volume 114, Nº2, February 2020

Original Article Fernandes et al. Heart failure trends in Less developed Brazil Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(2):222-231 Table 2 – Heart failure trends in Paraiba, from 2008 to 2017 Variables 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 P values for trends *† Pearson (R) Number of deaths (population) 722 777 772 753 719 768 725 683 ------ ------ 0.175 -0.513 Women 365 398 390 413 386 421 383 347 ------ ------ 0.665 -0.164 Men 351 374 379 337 332 347 341 336 ------ ------ 0.130 -0.573 Number of deaths (in‑hospital) 472 588 581 561 551 462 461 374 378 317 0.013* -0.824 Women 220 310 294 282 265 235 224 207 188 173 0.022* -0.762 Men 252 278 287 279 286 227 237 167 190 144 0.012* -0.837 Mortality rate (population) 19,25 20.53 20.21 19.55 18.51 19.62 18.38 17.19 ------ ------ 0.047* -0.751 Mortality rate (in-hospital) 6.60 8.50 7.90 8.50 10.10 9.8 11.20 12.00 12.10 10.90 0.006* 0.917 Women 6.35 9.32 8.52 9.02 10.08 10.39 11.49 13.56 12.69 11.93 0.006* 0.908 Men 6.76 7.67 7.36 8.15 10.20 9.12 11.02 10.61 11.59 9.40 0.013* 0.828 Number of admissions 7143 6890 7331 6571 5450 4739 4102 3112 3115 2719 0.004* -0.970 Deaths per age range (population) 15-19 years 2 2 3 2 1 0 1 1 ------ ------ 0.067 -0.693 20-29 years 3 8 8 5 5 6 2 6 ------ ------ 0.588 -0.205 30-39 years 8 16 9 13 9 10 10 8 ------ ------ 0.389 -0.326 40-49 years 21 22 29 23 25 23 24 13 ------ ------ 0.292 -0.399 50-59 years 47 42 53 33 45 48 46 36 ------ ------ 0.479 -0.267 60-69 years 84 88 92 75 92 101 82 93 ------ ------ 0.457 0.281 70-79 years 164 172 152 172 147 179 174 154 ------ ------ 0.979 -0.010 Older than 80 years 387 422 423 427 394 401 385 372 ------ ------ 0.143 -0.553 Deaths per age range (in-hospital) 15-19 years 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 0.815 -0.078 20-29 years 11 10 8 5 5 4 4 7 2 2 0.010* -0.859 30-39 years 17 19 16 11 16 12 7 8 6 8 0.008* -0.887 40-49 years 24 35 35 35 36 30 19 10 10 17 0.029* -0.727 50-59 years 55 53 53 55 63 47 46 24 38 35 0.025* -0.748 60-69 years 77 97 96 97 101 86 93 72 76 44 0.061 -0.625 70-79 years 129 150 136 142 131 119 129 96 89 75 0.009* -0.865 Older than 80 years 149 213 227 211 194 157 156 153 148 129 0.052 -0.649 Mean duration of hospitalization (days) 5 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.1 6.5 7.2 7.2 0.004* 0.953 *p < 0.05; † P value for trends according to the linear-by-linear association; Source of data: SUS Information System (DATASUS) and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (count of 2010). and mortality of HF in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are heterogeneous and scarce. Most of the data come from South America (92%), with 86% of the studies conducted in Brazil and Argentina. 10 In Brazil, most of the published data come from developed areas, the Southeast and South regions. HF was the leading cause of hospitalizations among cardiovascular diseases in Paraiba and Brazil, and corresponded to 2.54%and 2.25%of all admissions, respectively. Similarly, in the U.S., HFwas the cause of more than 1million admissions per year from2001 to2009, 11 and represented1-2%of all hospitalizations. 3 Fang et al. 12 performed a study to determine the trends in HF in the U.S. using the National Hospital Discharge Survey data from 1979 to 2004, and observed an increase of 185% in the absolute number of HF admissions (from409,000 to 1,166,000) and the HF hospitalization rates (per 100,000) increased from 219 to 390 during the same period. Other authors, however, have reported that the number of primary hospitalizations for HF have been decreasing in the U.S. between 1.0% to 4.3% per year since 2001. 11,13 In the LAC, Godoy et al. 14 showed a 32% decrease in HF admissions, between 1992-1993 and 225