ABC | Volume 114, Nº1, January 2019

Original Article Gomes et al. Characterization of dyslipidemias in the youth Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(1):47-56 Discussion The development of atherosclerotic plaques is directly associated with an increase in NHDL-C lipoproteins, and evidence suggests that childhood cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia may contribute to atherosclerotic disease in childhood and adolescence, as well as in adulthood. 14 In this sense, the ongoing International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium 15 aims to evaluate the association of the presence of risk factors in childhood with the outcomes of CVD morbidity and mortality in adults. Preliminary results showed that pediatric dyslipidemia predicts dyslipidemia 16 and greater carotid intima-media thickness 17 in adults. In addition, the presence of risk factors developed from the age of nine was predictive of subclinical atherosclerosis in adults. 18 In the present study, 67% of lipid profile results indicated the presence of at least one type of biochemically classified dyslipidemia. This percentage is greater than the one reported in other national studies: one of them, for example, carried out in the northeastern region of Brazil between 2011 and 2012, Table 3 – Lipid profiles: medians and interquartile ranges for all subjects and stratified by sex and age Groups Lipids (mg/dL) Total Female Male p* p † All TC 156 (137-178) 158 (139-179) † 154 (135-176) 0.000 TG 76 (57-103) 78 (59-105) † 73 (54-100) 0.000 LDL-C 95 (78-114) 96 (79-114) † 93 (77-112) 0.000 HDL-C 49 (41-57) 49 ( 42-57) † 48 (41-57) 0.000 NHDL-C 106 (88-127) 107 (89-128) † 104 (86-125) 0.000 Infants (I) TC 172 (151-202) * 177 (153-206) † 167 (147-193) 0.000 0.019 TG 91 (67-131) * 94 (68-132) 87 (64-119) 0.000 0.068 LDL-C 108 (88-132) * 110 (88-134) 105 (88-128) 0.000 0.138 HDL-C 46 (39-56) 47 (39-58) 45 (38-53) 0.063 NHDL-C 125 (101-150)* 128 (101-153) 119 (102-147) 0.000 0.108 Children (C) TC 162 (143-182) 162 (143-182) 161 (143-182) 0.901 TG 75 (56-103) 79 (60-109) † 71 (53-97) 0.000 LDL-C 99 (83-118) 100 (84-118) † 99 (83-117) 0.013 HDL-C 50 (42-58) * 49 (41-57) 51 (43-60) † 0.000 0.000 NHDL-C 110 (93-130) 111 (94-131) † 109 (92-129) 0.000 Adolescents (A) TC 153 (133-174) 155 (136-177) † 147 (128-168) 0.000 TG 76 (57-102) 76 (58-103) † 74 (56-102) 0.000 LDL-C 91 (75-110) 93 (77-111) † 88 (72-107) 0.000 HDL-C 48 (41-56) 49 (42-58) † 46 (39-54) 0.000 NHDL-C 102 (84-123) 105 (86-125) † 99 (82-120) 0.000 F: female; M: male; (†) Mann-Whitney, F vs. M; p < 0.05. (*) Kruskal Wallis Post-hoc Bonferroni, I vs C vs A = TC, LDL-C, NHDL-C - I>C>A; TG - I>C=A; HDL-C - C>A>I, p < 0.05; Continuous variables appear as medians and interquartile ranges. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHDL-C: non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Table 4 – Lipid profiles: medians and interquartile ranges for all subjects and by regions of campinas Lipids (mg/dL) East (E) Northwest (NO) North (N) Southwest (SO) South (S) p TC 158 (139-179) * 155 (136-177) 157 (138-178) 156 (136-177) 156 (137-177) 0,000 TG 77 (58-105) * 74 (56-101) 76 (57-103) 77 (58-105) * 75 (56-103) 0,000 LDL-C 96 (79-115) * 94 (77-113) 95 (79-114) 94 (78-113) 95 (78-113) 0,000 HDL-C 49 (42-58) 49 (41-57) 49 (42-57) 48 (41-56) * 49 (41-57) 0,000 NHDL-C 107 (89-128) * 104 (86-125) 106 (88-127) 106 (88-127) 105 (88-126) 0,000 (*) Kruskal-Wallis Post-hoc Bonferroni, TC: E > others; N > NW/SW; TG: E/N/SW>NW; E/SW>S; LDL-C: E>NW/SW/S; N>NW; HDL-C: E>S; SW < others; NHDL-C: E>S; NW<others; p < 0.05. Continuous variables appear as medians and interquartile ranges. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHDL-C: non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 50