ABC | Volume 114, Nº1, January 2019

Original Article Leite et al. Carotid thickness in HIV-infected patients Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(1):90-97 Table 1 – Comparison between groups of HIV-infected and non-infected patients regarding demographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, inflammatory markers, carotid intima-media thickness measures, and risk factors for infection Variables Groups p-value HIV+ (n = 99) HIV- (n = 16) Agea (years) 42.2 ± 8.9 48.7 ± 9.1 0.007 Age group < 40 years old 40 (40.4%) 4 (25.0%) 0.239 40 years old or older 59 (59.6%) 12 (75.0%) Gender Female 39 (39.4%) 4 (25.0%) 0.404 Male 60 (60.6%) 12 (75.0%) Smoking Yes 12 (12.1%) 0 (-) 0.213 No 87 (87.9%) 16 (100%) Diabetes Yes 3 (3.0%) 0 (-) 1.000 No 96 (97.0%) 16 (100%) Lipidogram (mg/dL) Total Cholesterol* 184.0 ± 35.4 190.37 ± 48.9 0.528 HDL* 50.3 ± 14.2 43.6 ± 7.8 0.069 LDL* 105.3 ± 27.2 118.5 ± 38.2 0.093 Triglycerides † 116.2 (79.6; 176) 120.1 (90.1; 191.3) 0.695 CIMT (mm) CIMT means* 0.573 ± 0.123 0.586 ± 0.116 0.697 Inflammatory markers † PCR US 0.1 (0; 0.4) 0.1 (0; 0.3) 0.680 ICAM-1 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 1.000 VCAM-1(x10 -3 ) 12.12 (11.42; 12.62) 12.94 (10.59; 13.47) 0.071 IFN 2.16 (1.98; 2.40) 2.67 (2.29; 2.91) 0.002 IL-1 2.87 (2.87; 2.87) ‡ 2.87 (2.87; 4.08) 0.027 IL-6 2.1 (2.1; 2.1) ‡ 2.1 (2.1; 2.1) ‡ 0.689 TNF-α 2.26 (2.26; 2.26) ‡ 2.26 (2.26; 7.55) 0.005 Time of ART (years) < 5 years 34 (37.0%) - - > 5 and < 10 years 27 (29.3%) - ≥ 10 years 31 (33.7%) - CD4+ Cells Count (Cells/mm 3 ) < 200 2 (2.1%) - - 200–349 7 (7.4%) - ≥ 350 86 (90.5%) - Antiretrovirals Lamivudine 98 (98.98%) Zidovudine 65 (65.65%) Tenofovir 32 (32.32%) Didanosine 3 (3.03 %) Efavirenz 93 (93.93%) Nevirapine 6 (6.06%) * Mean ± SD – Independent Student’s t-test was applied. † Median (P25; P75) – Kruskall–Wallis test was applied. ‡ Values below the detection limit of the test. HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; ART: antiretroviral therapy. 93