ABC | Volume 113, Nº1, July 2019

Original Article Rocha et al Dietary patterns and adiposity in children Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 113(1):52-59 Figure 1 – Association between dietary patterns and adiposity in children. Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 2015. 2 1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2 1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1.87 1.38 1.02 1.64 1.32 1.07 p = 0.038* p = 0.008* 1.74 1.31 1.01 p = 0.041* Overweight/Obesity Increased Body Fat Increased Body Fat Industrialized Pattern (≥P75) Industrialized Pattern (≥P75) Traditional Pattern (< P75) Our findings highlight the importance of assessing dietary patterns in the population, especially in children, who may, from an early age, have inadequate eating habits that promote excess weight. 11,23 The presence of obesity in children may increase the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and predict health risks later in life. 7 As limitations of our study, we can highlight the evaluation of dietary patterns through the 24-hour food recall, which may underestimate the actual consumption of children due to memory bias and/or lack of cooperation of the interviewee. However, we emphasize that all R24h were applied by properly trained nutritionists. Moreover, the child was present with the person responsible for answering the dietary survey, since children under 12 years of age might not answer accurately regarding food intake information. Some strong points of this study should be highlighted. This is one of the few studies in developing countries that Table 4 – Unadjusted association between adiposity measures and dietary patterns in children. Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 2015 Dietary Patterns Excess weight Increased WC Increased WHtR Increased NC % Increased body fat PR 95% CI PR 95% CI PR 95% CI PR 95% CI PR 95% CI Unhealthy DP 0.90 (0.64-1.28) 0.79 (0.37-1.67) 0.95 (0.57-1.59) 1.26 (0.76-2.07) 1.07 (0.86-1.35) Snacks 1.12 (0.81-1.54) 1.21 (0.62-2.35) 1.11 (0.68-1.82) 1.79 (1.13-2.85)* 0.91 (0.71-1.16) Traditional 0.96 (0.69-1.34) 0.82 (0.42-1.59) 0.96 (0.58-1.59) 1.03 (0.60-1.76) 1.20 (0.93-1.55) Industrialized 1.58 (1.18-2.10)* 1.73 (0.93-3.22) 1.59 (1.01-2.49) 1.44 (0.89-2.34) 1.50 (1.23-1.82)* Healthy 0.92 (0.66-1.27) 0.72 (0.38-1.38) 1.04 (0.62-1.75) 0.94 (0.56-1.59) 0.92 (0.73-1.16) PR: prevalence ratio; 95% CI: confidence interval; WC: waist circumference; WHtR: waist-to-height ratio. Food standard assessed through the 75th percentile. For the traditional and healthy standards, the Percentile ≥ 75 was adopted as a protection factor, for the other standards the percentile < 75 was adopted as a reference. * Statistical significance (p <0.05). Poisson regression with robust variance (bivariate). 57