ABC | Volume 112, Nº6, June 2019

Original Article Fonseca et al Autonomic imbalance, sarcopenia and heart failure Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(6):739-746 Figure 3 – (A) Spearman’s correlation between appendicular lean muscle mass and delta heart rate recovery at 1st minute (∆HRR1). (B) Spearman’s correlation between appendicular lean muscle mass and delta heart rate recovery at 2nd minute (∆HRR2). (C) Spearman’s correlation between appendicular lean muscle mass and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 A B C R = 0.26 P = 0.008 R = –0.29 P = 0.003 R = 0.25 P = 0.012 Appendicular lean muscle mass (kg) Appendicular lean muscle mass (kg) Appendicular lean muscle mass (kg) ∆HRR1 (beats/min) MSNA (burts/min) ∆HRR2 (beats/min) Table 2 – Cardiopulmonary, body composition and strength variables of the patients Variables All patients (n = 116) Patients with sarcopenia (n = 33) Patients without sarcopenia (n = 83) P value Absolute VO 2peak (L/min) 1.43 ± 0.48 1.09 ± 0.31 1.58 ± 0.47 < 0.001 Relative VO 2peak (ml/(kg/min)) 20.1 ± 6.3 18.3 ± 5.3 21.0 ± 6.5 0.036 Peak workload (Watts) 103 ± 47 77 ± 27 115 ± 51 < 0.001 Resting HR (beats/min) 72 ± 13 75 ± 16 71 ± 12 0.254 HR peak (beats/min) 134 ± 27 130 ± 27 135 ± 28 0.323 VE/VCO 2 slope 35 ± 7 37 ± 8 33 ± 7 0.015 VD/VT peak 0.17 ± 0.02 0.19 ± 0.04 0.16 ± 0.04 < 0.001 VE peak (L/min) 62.5 ± 18.3 53.5 ± 14.1 66.4 ± 18.4 < 0.001 Body composition and strength Total LM (kg) 49.6 ± 8.4 43.0 ± 5.2 52.5 ± 8.0 < 0.001 ALM (kg) 22.2 ± 4.3 18.3 ± 2.3 23.9 ± 3.8 < 0.001 SMI (kg/m 2 ) 7.97 ± 1.21 6.63 ± 0.58 8.54 ± 0.92 < 0.001 Fat mass (kg) 18.2 ± 8.5 12.9 ± 4.9 20.5 ± 8.8 < 0.001 Fat (%) 26 ± 8 22 ± 7 27 ± 8 < 0.001 Handgrip strength (kg) 33 ± 8 26 ± 3 36 ± 8 < 0.001 Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or %. P value referred to Student’s t-test. ALM: appendicular lean muscle mass; HR: heart rate; LM: lean mass; SMI: skeletal muscle mass index; VE: ventilation; VE/VCO 2 : ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; VD/VT: dead space to tidal volume; VO 2 : oxygen consumption. 743