ABC | Volume 112, Nº6, June 2019

Original Article Reuter et al Dyslipidemia and associated factors in schoolchildren Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(6):729-736 Table 1 – Description of results regarding variables studied in schoolchildren in Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Variables Total (n = 1,254) Presence of dyslipidemia (n = 526) Absence of dyslipidemia (n = 728) p n (%) n (%) n (%) Sex Male 568 (45.3) 208 (39.5) 360 (49.5) 0.001 Female 686 (54.7) 318 (60.5) 368 (50.5) Age range 7 to 9 years old (children) 344 (27.4) 166 (31.6) 178 (24.5) 0.005 10 to 17 years old (adolescents) 910 (72.6) 360 (68.4) 550 (75.5) TV Less than 2 hours 697 (55.6) 303 (57.6) 394 (54.1) 0.221 2 hours or more 557 (44.4) 223 (42.4) 334 (45.9) School transport type Active 558 (44.5) 234 (44.5) 324 (44.5) 0.995 Sedentary 696 (55.5) 292 (55.5) 404 (55.5) Avoids eating fatty or sweet foods Never/sometimes 917 (73.1) 377 (71.7) 540 (74.2) 0.324 Almost always/always 337 (26.9) 149 (28.3) 188 (25.8) 4 to 5 varied meals per day Never/sometimes 583 (46.5) 249 (47.3) 334 (45.9) 0.609 Almost always/always 671 (53.5) 277 (52.7) 394 (54.1) Consumption of soft drinks Never/sometimes 492 (39.2) 220 (41.8) 272 (37.4) 0.110 Almost always/always 762 (60.8) 306 (58.2) 456 (62.6) Consumption of fried salty snacks Never/sometimes 639 (51.0) 273 (51.9) 366 (50.3) 0.570 Almost always/always 615 (49.0) 253 (48.1) 362 (49.7) Consumption of pizza and lasagna Never/sometimes 897 (71.5) 391 (74.3) 506 (69.5) 0.061 Almost always/always 357 (28.5) 135 (25.7) 222 (30.5) Consumption of sweets Never/sometimes 500 (39.9) 211 (40.1) 289 (39.7) 0.882 Almost always/always 754 (60.1) 315 (59.9) 439 (60.3) Cardiorespiratory fitness At risk 637 (50.8) 285 (54.2) 352 (48.4) 0.042 Normal 617 (49.2) 241 (45.8) 376 (51.6) TV: television. Regarding factors that contribute to high rates of dyslipidemia, our findings showed an association with the presence of overweight/obese status and sedentary behavior. On the other hand, various factors have been indicated as contributing to the occurrence of altered blood lipid concentrations. Alcântara Neto et al. 19 indicate that there is a positive association between inadequate food intake and dyslipidemia. Body mass index (BMI) is also an important variable, given that obesity has been evidenced as an important risk factor for dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic risk. This suggests that obese adolescents have elevated levels of TG, TC, LDL-c, increased insulin resistance, and reduced levels of HDL-c. 20 Moreover, a cross-sectional study of 173 schoolchildren ages 10–18, demonstrated that greater adherence to a diet high in fat and sugar was associated with the presence of hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.3) and increased LDL-c (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.9). Furthermore, children who exercised less than 3 times/week were less likely to have low levels of HDL-c than children who exercised 7 times/week or more (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.7). 21 731