ABC | Volume 112, Nº4, April 2019

Original Article Philbois et al Isolated left ventricular pacing in bradyarrhythmias Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(4):410-421 Ethics approval and consent to participate This studywas approvedby the Ethics Committee of theAnálise de Projetos de Pesquisa (CAPPesq) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo under 1. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Heart RhythmSociety. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ AmericanHeart Association Task Force on PracticeGuidelines and theHeart RhythmSociety. Circulation. 2013127(3):e283-352. 2. Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, et al; European Society of Cardiology (ESC); EuropeanHeart Rhythm Association (EHRA). 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace. 2013;15(8):1070-118. 3. Martinelli Filho M, Zimerman LI, Lorga AM, Vasconcelos JT, Rassi A Jr. Guidelines for implantable electronic cardiac devices of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;89(6):e210-38. 4. Lamas GA, Lee KL, Sweney MO, Silverman R, Leon A, Yee R, et al; Mode Selection Trial in Sinus-Node Dysfunction. Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(24):1854-62. 5. Mond H, Proclemer A. The 11th world survey of cardiac pacing and implantablecardioverter-defibrillators:calendaryear2009-AWorldSociety of Arrhythmia’s project. Pacing Clin Eletrophysiol. 2011;34(8):1013-27. 6. Brasil.MinistériodaSaúde.DATASUS.SecretariaExecutiva.[Citadoem2018 mar 25]. Disponível em: http://w3.datasus.gov.br/datasus/datasus.php. 7. Khurshid S, Epstein AE, Verdino RJ, Lin D, Goldberg LR, Marchlinski FE, et al. Incidence and predictors of right ventricular pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(9):1619-25. 8. Zhang XH, Chen H, Siu CW, Yiu KH, Chan WS, Lee KL, et al. New-onset heart failure after permanent right ventricular apical pacing in patients with acquired high-grade atrioventricular block and normal left ventricular function. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19(2):136-41. 9. Fang F, Chan Jy, Yip GW, Xie JM, Zhang Q, Fung JW, et al. Prevalence and determinants of left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patients with normal ejection fraction received right ventricular apical pacing: a real- time three-dimensional echocardiographic study. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010;11(2):109-18. 10. Fang F, Zhang Q, Chan Jy, Razali O, Azlan H, Chan HC, et al. Early pacing- induced systolic dyssynchrony is a strong predictor of left ventricular adverse remodeling: analysis from the pacing to Avoid Cardiac Enlargement (PACE) trial. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(2):723-8. 11. Curtis AB, Worley SJ, Adamson PB, Chung ES, Niazi I, Sherfesee L, et al; Biventricular versus Right Ventricular Pacing in Heart Failure Patients with Atrioventricular Block (BLOCK HF) Trial Investigators. Biventricular pacing for atrioventricular block and systolic dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(17):1585-93. 12. Curtis AB, Worley SJ, Chung ES, Li P, Christman SA, St John Sutton M. Improvement in clinical outcomes with biventricular versus right ventricular pacing: the BLOCK HF study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(18):2148-57. 13. Pastore G, Noventa F, Piovesana P, Cazzin R, Aggio S, Verlato R, et al. Left ventricular dyssynchrony resulting from right ventricular apical pacing: relevance of baseline assessment. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31(11):1456-62. 14. Silva RT, Martinelli FilhoM, deOliveira JC, de Lima CE, Martins DG, Guirao CI, et al. Ventricular remodeling in right ventricular apical pacing. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88(2):152-8. 15. HorwichT,FosterE,DeMarcoT,TsengZ,SaxonL.Effectsofresynchronization therapy on cardiac function in pacemaker patients “upgraded” to biventricular devices. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004;15(11):1284-9. 16. Leon AR, Greenberg JM, Kanuru N, Baker CM, Mera FV, Smith AL, et al. Cardiac resynchronization in patients with congestive heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation: effect of upgrading to biventricular pacing after chronic right ventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(8):1258-63. 17. Hoijer CJ, Meurling C, Brandt J. Upgrade to biventricular pacing in patients with conventional pacemakers and heart failure: a double-blind, randomized crossover study. Europace. 2006;8(1):51-5. 18. Bordachar P, Garrigue S, Lafitte S, Reuter S, Jais P, Haissaguerre M, et al. Interventricular and intra-left ventricular electromechanical delays in right ventricular paced patients with heart failure: implications for upgrading to biventricular stimulation. Heart. 2003;89(12):1401-5. 19. Vatankulu MA, Goktekin O, Kaya MG, Ayhan S, Kucukdurmaz Z, Sutton R, et al. Effect of long-term resynchronization therapy on left ventricular remodeling in pacemaker patients upgraded to biventricular devices. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103(9):1280-4. 20. SilvaRT,MartinelliFilhoM,LimaCE,MartinsDG,NishiókaSA,PedrosaAA,et al.Functionalbehaviorofpatientswithconventionalpacemakersundergoing cardiac resynchronization. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;90(2):138-43. 21. Martinelli Filho M, de Siqueira SF, Costa R, Greco OT, Moreira LF, D’Avila A, et al. Conventional versus biventricular pacing in heart failure and bradyarrhythmia: the COMBAT Study. J Card Fail. 2010;16(4):293-300. 22. KindermannM, Hennen B, Jung J, Geisel J, BöhmM, Fröhlig G. Biventricular versus conventional right ventricular stimulation for patients with standard pacing indicationand leftventriculardysfunction:theHomburgBiventricular PacingEvaluation(HOBIPACE). JAmCollCardiol.2006;16:47(10):1927-37. 23. Saito M, Iannaccone A, Kaye G, Negishi K, Kosmala W, Marwick TH; PROTECT-PACE investigators. Effect of Right Ventricular Pacing on Right Ventricular Mechanics and Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients With High- Grade Atrioventricular Block and Sinus Rhythm (from the Protection of Left Ventricular Function During Right Ventricular Pacing Study). Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(12):1875-82. 24. Funck RC, Mueller HH, Lunati M, Piorkowski C, De Roy L, Paul V, et al. BioPace study group. Characteristics of a large sample of candidates for permanent ventricular pacing included in the Biventricular Pacing for Atrio- ventricular Block to Prevent Cardiac Desynchronization Study (BioPace). Europace. 2014;16(3):354-62. 25. Liang Y, Pan W, Su Y, Ge J. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing isolated left ventricular and biventricular pacing in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(8):1160-5. References the protocol number 00610412,2,0000,0068 (Plataforma Brasil CAAE). All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the1975Helsinki Declaration, updated in2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. 419