ABC | Volume 112, Nº3, March 2019

Updated The Brazilian Society of Cardiology and Brazilian Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine Updated Guidelines for Sports and Exercise Cardiology - 2019 Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(3):326-368 218. Saeed S, Rajani R, Seifert R, Parkin D, Chambers JB. Exercise testing in patients with asymptomatic moderate or severe aortic stenosis. Heart. 2018 Apr 13. [Epub ahead of print]. 219. Nadeau-Routhier C, Marsit O, Beaudoin J. Current management of patients with severe aortic regurgitation. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2017;19(2):9. 220. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-SaranoM, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft CD, Levine RA, et al; American Society of Echocardiography. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with twodimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16(7):777-802. 221. Cawley PJ, Hamilton-Craig C, Owens DS, Krieger EV, Strugnell WE, Mitsumori L, et al. Prospective of valve regurgitation quantitation by cardiacmagnetic resonance imaging and transthoracic echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6(1):48-57. 222. Gabriel RS, Renapurkar R, Bolen MA, Verhaert D, Leiber M, Flamm SD, et al. Comparison of severity of aortic regurgitation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance versus transthoracic echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(7):1014-20. 223. Pelliccia A, Culasso F, Di Paolo FM, Maron BJ. Physiologic left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130(1):23-31. 224. Pelliccia A, Kinoshita N, Pisicchio C, Quattrini F, Dipaolo FM, Ciardo R, et al. Long-termclinical consequences of intense, uninterrupted endurance training in Olympic athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(15):1619-25. 225. Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Culasso F, Spataro A, Caselli G. Athlete’s heart in women: echocardiographic characterization of highly trained elite female athletes. JAMA. 1996;276(3):211-5. 226. Dujardin KS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, Bailey KR, Seward JB, Tajik AJ. Mortality and morbidity of aortic regurgitation in clinical practice: a long-term follow-up study. Circulation. 1999;99(14):1851-7. 227. Bonow RO, Lakatos E, Maron BJ, Epstein SE. Serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function. Circulation. 1991;84(4):1625-35. 228. Yoon SH, Maeno Y, Kawamori H, Miyasaka M, Nomura T, Ochiai T, et al. Diagnosis and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in bicuspid aortic valve stenosis. Interv Cardiol. 2018;13(2):62-5. 229. Martín M, Lorca R, Rozado J, Alvarez-Cabo R, Calvo J, Pascual I, et al. Bicuspid aortic valve syndrome: a multidisciplinary approach for a complex entity. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(Suppl 6):S454-S464. 230. SvenssonLG,KimKH,LytleBW,CosgroveDM.Relationshipofaorticcross- sectional area to height ratio and the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126(3):892-3. 231. Parker MW, Thompson PD. Exercise in valvular heart disease: risks and benefits. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;53(6):437-46. 232. Harb SC, Griffin BP. Mitral valve disease: a comprehensive review. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2017;19(8):73. 233. Rahimtoola SH, Durairaj A, Mehra A, Nuno I. Current evaluation and management of patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation. 2002;106(10):1183-8. 234. Sandoval Y, Sorajja P, Harris KM. Contemporarymanagement of ischemic mitral regurgitation: a review. Am J Med. 2018;131(8):887-95. 235. Bonow RO. Chronic mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation: have indications for surgery changed? J AmColl Cardiol. 2013;61(7):693-701. 236. Parwani P, Avierinos JF, Levine RA, Delling FN. Mitral valve prolapse: multimodality imaging and genetic insights. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;60(3):361-9. 237. Thacoor A. Mitral valve prolapse and Marfan syndrome. Congenit Heart Dis. 2017;12(4):430-4. 238. Freed LA, Levy D, Levine RA, Larson MG, Evans JC, Fuller DL, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(1):1-7. 239. Narayanan K, Uy-Evanado A, Teodorescu C, Reinier K, Nichols GA, Gunson K, et al. Mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac arrest in the community. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(2):498-503. 240. Delling FN, Rong J, Larson MG, Lehman B, Fuller D, Osypiuk E, et al. Evolution of mitral valve prolapse: insights from the Framingham heart study. Circulation. 2016;133(17):1688-95. 241. Basso C, PerazzoloMarraM, Rizzo S, De Lazzari M, Giorgi B, Cipriani A, et al.Arrhythmicmitralvalveprolapseandsuddencardiacdeath.Circulation. 2015;132(7):556-66. 242. Caselli S, Mango F, Clark J, Pandian NG, Corrado D, Autore C, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of athletes with mitral valve prolapse. Circulation. 2018;137(19):2080-2. 243. Corrado D, Basso C, Nava A, Rossi L, Thiene G. Sudden death in young people with apparently isolated mitral valve prolapse. G Ital Cardiol. 1997;27(11):1097-105. 244. Glesby MJ, Pyeritz RE. Association of mitral valve prolapse and systemic abnormalities of connective tissue: a phenotypic continuum. JAMA. 1989;262(4):523-8. 245. Rippe M, De Backer J, Kutsche K, Mosquera LM, Schüler H, Rybczynski M, et al. Mitral valve prolapse syndrome and MASS phenotype: Stability of aortic dilatation but progression of mitral valve prolapse. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2016 Jan 21;10:39-46. 246. Graffunder FP, Sties SW, Gonzáles AI, de Carvalho T. Differential diagnosis of Marfan syndrome in a teenage volleyball athlete. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017;30(2):181-4. 247. Cevasco M, Shekar PS. Surgical management of tricuspid stenosis. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;6(3):275-82. 248. ArsalanM, Walther T, Smith RL 2nd, Grayburn PA. Tricuspid regurgitation diagnosis and treatment. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(9):634-8. 249. Badano LP, Agricola E, Perez de Isla L, Gianfagna P, Zamorano JL. Evaluation of the tricuspid valve morphology and function by transthoracic real-time threedimensional echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009;10(4):477-84. 250. UngerP,ClavelMA,LindmanBR,MathieuP,PibarotP.Pathophysiologyand managementofmultivalvulardisease.NatRevCardiol.2016;13(7):429-40. 251. Rahimtoola SH. Choice of prosthetic heart valve for adult patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(6):893-904. 252. Cahill TJ, Chen M, Hayashida K, Latib A, Modine T, Piazza N, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: current status and future perspectives. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(28):2625-34. 253. PresslerA,Christle JW,LechnerB,GrabsV,HallerB,Hettich I,etal.Exercise training improves exercise capacity and quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a randomized pilot trial. Am Heart J. 2016 Dec;182:44-53. 254. Völler H, Salzwedel A, Nitardy A, Buhlert H, Treszl A, Wegscheider K. Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on functional and emotional status in patients after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(5):568-74. 255. Tarro Genta F, Tidu M, Bouslenko Z, Bertolin F, Salvetti I, Comazzi F, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation compared to patients after valve replacement. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2017;18(2):114-20. 256. Russo N, Compostella L, Tarantini G, Setzu T, Napodano M, Bottio T, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation after transcatheter versus surgical prosthetic valve implantation for aortic stenosis in the elderly. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;21(11):1341-8. 257. Abdul-Jawad Altisent O, Puri R, Regueiro A, Chamandi C, Rodriguez- Gabella T, Del Trigo M, et al. Predictors and association with clinical outcomes of the changes in exercise capacity after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Circulation. 2017;136(7):632-43. 258. Thein-Nissenbaum J, Hammer E. Treatment strategies for the female athlete triad in the adolescent athlete: current perspectives. Open Access J Sports Med. 2017 Apr 4;8:85-95. 364