ABC | Volume 112, Nº2, February 2019

Original Article Vizentin et al Prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(2):147-151 the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) Center of Adolescent's Health Studies (NESA). Methods This is an observational, cross-sectional study, the sample of which was of convenience, consisting of adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years of age, of both genders, referred internally or through the National Regulation System (SISREG) to the Nutrition service with a diagnosis of overweight, dyslipidemia, glucose metabolism changes, or other comorbidity, being attended at the NESA outpatient clinic. Adolescents with a diagnosis of thinness according to body mass index (BMI)/Age; using drugs that may interfere with laboratory tests (statins, steroids, bile acid sequestrants); or who are followed due to genetic syndromes, nephrotic syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia, rheumatic diseases, type 1 Diabetes Melittus, hypothyroidism, eating disorder, or disabsorption diseases were excluded. Demographic data such as age, gender, skin color, and anthropometric data such as weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were collected. The weight (kg) was measured using a Micheliti® electronic digital scale, with an accuracy of 0.1 kg and a maximum of 200 kg, with the adolescent in his/her barefoot, wearing light clothes, and in an orthostatic position. 15 For height (cm), a Sanny® stadiometer fixed to the wall was used, with a precision of 0.1 cm, with the adolescent in his/her barefoot, and the body in anatomical position, head parallel to the ground according to Frankfurt plane. 15 Such measurements were used for the assessment of the adolescent’s nutritional status through the BMI for age in z-scores, and the proposal of the World Health Organization for children and adolescents from 5 to 19 years being adopted as reference. 16 WCmeasurements were performedusing an anthropometric inelastic tape with a 0.1 centimeter scale at the midpoint between the last costal arch and the iliac crest at the end of normal expiration. They were classified according to the proposal by Fernández et al., 17 with the WC being elevated when ≥ 75th percentile. The lipid profile evaluation consisted of the following laboratory tests: TC, TG, HDL-c, and LDL-c. To obtain the glucose and lipid profile data, the blood test was always performed with a previous fasting of 12 hours. TG, TC, and HDL-c were measured through the enzymatic colorimetric method, and LDL-c calculated with Friedewald’s formula. 18 The reference values used were those recommended by the I Guidelines for the prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence. 8 Statistical analysis The analyzes were performed using STATA 14 software. The continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation and the categorical variables as absolute frequency. The distribution of variables was assessed using the Kolgomorov-Sminorv test. The comparisons of the continuous variables with normal distribution were performed with the unpaired Student’s t-test and for more than two independent groups, one way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test were used. For the comparisons of categorical variables, the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used. For the study of the association, correlation analyzes (Pearson or Spearman) and simple and multiple linear regression were performed. A significance level of 5% was considered in all analyzes. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of HUPE/UERJ, registry CEP/HUPE: 3051/2011; CAAE: 0193.0.228.000-11. Results A total of 239 adolescents with a mean age of 14.4 ± 1.8 years was evaluated, with 104 boys (43.5%), and 135 girls (56.5%). Table 1 describes the anthropometric characteristics and the lipid profile mean of the population evaluated according to gender. The girls had statistically higher BMI mean values, and HDL-c, while THE mean height was higher in boys. Table 2 describes the anthropometric characteristics and the lipid profile of the population evaluated according to Table 1 – Mean and standard deviation of the anthropometric and lipid profiles of the total sample, stratified by gender Variable Gender p value Total (n = 239) Female (n = 135) Male (n = 104) Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Weight (kg) 76.2 ± 22.4 74.8 ± 22.2 77.9 ± 22.7 0.14 Height (cm) 162.8 ± 0.1 159.0 ± 0.1 167.6 ± 0.1 < 0.01* BMI (kg/m 2 ) 28.5 ± 7.4 29.4 ± 7.8 27.5 ± 6.8 0.02* WC (cm) 89.9 ± 15.1 92.3 ± 15.9 88.1 ± 14.4 0.06 TC (mg/dl) 160.3 ± 34.1 163.3 ± 34.9 156.5 ± 32.9 0.06 LDL-c (mg/dl) 93.9 ± 29.2 95.5 ± 29.3 92.0 ± 29.0 0.18 HDL-c (mg/dl) 47.6 ± 14.0 49.4 ± 15.4 45.2 ± 11.6 0.01* TG (mg/dl) 99.4 ± 53.7 99.1 ± 53.8 99.9 ± 53.8 0.46 Statistical test: unpaired Student’s t test; *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-c: low density lipoprotein; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides. 148