ABC | Volume 112, Nº1, January 2019

Original Article Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112(1):3-10 Tianshu-Chu et al Rapamycin combined with α -cyanoacrylate Figure 3 – α-CA-RPM decreased the proliferating index of vein graft. The vessel tissue was harvested 4 weeks after the operation, fixed with formalin, sliced to 4 μm tissue sections and stained with the primary antibody anti-PCNA. Images (×200 objective lens) were collected and analyzed by Olympus micro-imaging system. Likewise, the rats were also divided into 5 group: Sham group (A), control group (B), α-cyanoacrylate group (C), Rapamycin group (D) and α-CA-RPM group (E). (F) Represented the statistical graph of each group’s PCNA proliferation index. * The control group had obvious difference with other groups, p < 0.01. # The α-cyanoacrylate group had obvious difference with other groups, p < 0.01. △ The rapamycin group had obvious difference with other groups, p < 0.01. ☆ The α-CA-RPM group had obvious difference with other groups, p < 0.01. 40 30 20 10 0 sham control α -CA α -CA-RPM RPM *#∆ *#∆ *# * PCNA staining positive cells (%) Figure 4 – α-CA-RPM diminished the expression of αSMA and vWF and inflammatory responses. Four weeks after the surgery, RT-PCR was used to detect αSMA and vWF in grafted veins. (A) Value of αSMA in α-CA, RPM, and α-CA-RPM groups was much lower than in the control group, as detected by RT-PCR. Value of αSMA in α-CA-RPM group was lower than that of α-CA group and RPM group (p < 0.01). (B) Similar results were found in the value of vWF in α-CA-RPM group (p < 0.01). (C) The serum levels of ET-1 are shown for each group at different times. The level of ET-1 in the control group was significantly higher than that in the α-CA, RPM and α-CA-RPM groups 36 hours and 4 weeks after operation (96.1 ± 7.9 ng/l vs. 84.0 ± 10.9 ng/l, 79.5 ± 5.7 ng/l and 72.7 ± 9.9 ng/l; 99.7 ± 7.7 ng/l vs. 87.1 ± 13.3 ng/l, 65.4 ± 23.4 ng/l and 43.7 ± 20.1 ng/l; p < 0.05, respectively).Additionally, at 4 weeks after surgery, the level of ET-1 of the α-CA-RPM group was significantly lower than that of the α-CA, RPM, and control groups, (43.7 ± 20.1 ng/l vs. 87.1 ± 13.3 ng/l, 65.4 ± 23.4 ng/l and 99.5 ± 7.7 ng/l; p < 0.05, respectively). * The control group had obvious difference with other groups, p < 0.01. # The α-cyanoacrylate group had obvious difference with sham group, control group and α-CA-RPM group, p < 0.01. △ The rapamycin group had obvious difference with sham group, control group and α-CA-RPM groups, p < 0.01. ☆ The α-CA-RPM group had obvious difference with other groups, p < 0.01. 8 6 4 2 0 sham control α -CA α -CA-RPM RPM sham control α -CA α -CA-RPM RPM sham 0h 12h 36h 4w control α -CA α -CA-RPM RPM *#∆ *#∆ * * *#∆ *#∆ ∆ * * mRNA level of α SMA relavive to GAPDH mRNA level of vwf relavive to GAPDH α SMA vwf ET-1 20 150 50 0 100 15 10 5 0 Serum ET-1 (ng/l) supporters have been widely used in foundational and clinical tests, i.e., nitinol extravascular stent, polymeric extravascular stent, fibrin glue extravascular supporter, and α -CA. It is acknowledged that α -CA not only can prevent post‑transplantation vessels from expansion, but also can prompt vascular smooth muscle cells’ migration to vascular outer membrane. 13,14 Stimulated by α -CA, many neutrophils and monocytes aggregated to adventitia, especially mononuclear phagocytes which can release amounts of chemotactic factors to attract vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblast immigration and colonization. 15 A series of changes mentioned above will activate a range of antiatherosclerotic 7