ABC | Volume 111, Nº6, December 2018

Original Article Ferreira et al Uric acid and cardiovascular risk factors Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(6):833-840 1. World Health Organization. Top 10 causes of death. Global Health Observatory 2017. [Accessed: 2018 Jan 10]. Available from: http://www. ho.int/gho01/15/2018. 2. Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet. 2010;23;375(9711):318-28. 3. Ciarla S, Struglia M, Giorgini P, Striuli R, Necozione S, Properzi G, et al. Serum uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014;120(3):119-22. 4. ErdoganD, GulluH, CaliskanM, YildirimE, Bilgi M, Ulus T, et al. Relationship of serum uric acid to measures of endothelial function and atherosclerosis in healthy adults. Int J Clin Pract .2005;59(11):1276–82. 5. KatoM, Hisatome I, Tomikura Y, Kotani K, Kinugawa T, Ogino K, et al. Status of endothelial dependent vasodilation in patients with hyperuricemia. Am J Cardiol 2005;96(11):1576–8. 6. Zoccali C, Maio R, Mallamaci F, Sesti G, Perticone F. Uric acid and endothelial dysfunctioninessentialhypertension.JAmSocNephrol.2006;17(5):1466–71. 7. Chen Y, Xu B, SunW, Sun J, Wang T, Xu Y, et al. Impact of the serumuric acid level on subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged and elderly chinese. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2015;22(8):823–32. 8. Canepa M, Viazzi F, Strait JB, Ameri P, Pontremoli R, Brunelli C, et al. longitudinal association between serum uric acid and arterial stiffness: results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Hypertension. 2017;69(2):228-35. 9. Huang X, Cai X, ZhengW, Shen Y, Xie L. Relationship between uric acid and endothelial function in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Exp Cardiol. 2016;7:416. 10. PrasadM,MattesonEL,Herrmann J,GulatiR,RihalCS,LermanLO,etal.Uric acid is associated with inflammation, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and adverse outcomes in postmenopausal women. Hypertension. 2017;69(2): 236–42. 11. Altuntas A, Goksu SS, Kidir V, Aydin ZD, Sezer MT. Uric acid levels are inversely correlated with endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2016;9(7):14105-13. 12. SichieriR,EverhartJE.ValidityofaBrazilianfoodfrequencyquestionnaireagainst dietary recalls and estimated energy intake. Nutr Res. 1998;18(10):1649–59. 13. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentration inman. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412–9. 14. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Frederickson DS. Estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma. without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499–502. 15. Brant LC, Barreto SM, Passos VM, Ribeiro AL. Reproducibility of peripheral arterial tonometry for the assessment of endothelial function in adults. J Hypertens. 2013;31(10):1984-90. 16. Grygiel-Górniak B, Mosor M, Marcinkowska J, Przysławski J, Nowak J. Uric acid and obesity-related phenotypes in postmenopausal women. Mol Cell Biochem. 2018;443(1):111-9. 17. ChenMY, Zhao CC, Li TT, Zhu Y, Yu TP, Bao YQ, et al. Serumuric acid levels are associatedwith obesity but not cardio-cerebrovascular events inChinese inpatients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 40009. 18. Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Wani K, Sabico S, Alokail MS. serum uric acid to creatinine ratio and risk of metabolic syndrome in saudi type 2 diabetic patients. Sci Rep. 2017;21;7(1):12104. 19. Zheng R, Chen C, Yang T, Chen Q, Lu R, Mao Y. serum uric acid levels and the risk of obesity: a longitudinal population-based epidemiological study. Clin Lab. 2017;1;63(10):1581-7. 20. Srikanthan K, Feyh A, Visweshwar H, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. Systematic review of metabolic syndrome biomarkers: a panel for early detection, management, and risk stratification in the West Virginian population. Int J Med Sci. 2016;13(1):25-38. 21. Caliceti C, CalabriaD, Roda A, Cicero AFG. Fructose intake, serumuric acid, and cardiometabolic disorders: a critical review. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):395. 22. Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Fructose consumption, lipogenesis, and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):981. 23. Tsushima Y, Nishizawa H, Tochino Y, Nakatsuji H, Sekimoto R, Nagao H, et al.Uric acid secretion from adipose tissue and its increase in obesity. J Biol Chem. 2013; 20;288(38):27138-49. 24. Borghi C, Rosei EA, Bardin T, Dawson J, Dominiczak A, Kielstein JT, et al. Serumuric acid and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. J Hypertens. 2015;33(9):1729-41. 25. Lippi G, Montagnana M, Franchini M, Favaloro EJ, Targher G. The paradoxical relationship between serum uric acid and cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2008; 392(1-2):1-7. 26. Billiet L, Doaty S, Katz JD, Velasquez MT.Review of hyperuricemia as new marker for metabolic syndrome. ISRN Rheumatol. 2014;2014:852954. 27. Kelley EE, Khoo NKH, Hundley NJ, Malik UZ, Freeman BA,Tarpey MM. Hydrogen peroxide is the major oxidant product of xanthine oxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2010;48(4):493–8. 28. Norvik JV, Storhaug HM, Ytrehus K, Jenssen TG, Zykova SN, Eriksen BO, et al. Overweight modifies the longitudinal association between uric acid and some components of the metabolic syndrome: The Tromsø Study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord.2016;6(1):85. References Sources of Funding This study was funded by Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). Study Association This study is not associatedwith any thesis or dissertationwork. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Pedro ErnestoUniversity Hospital - Rio de Janeiro State University under theprotocol number 2798-CEP/HUPE-CAAE: 0243.0.228.000‑10 e 1152-CEP/HUPE - CAAE: 0039.0.228.000‑08. All the procedures in this studywere in accordancewith the1975Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. 839