ABC | Volume 111, Nº6, December 2018

Original Article Radaelli et al Statin treatment in children: meta-analysis Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(6):810-821 Table 1 – Characteristics of included studies Study, year Randomized patients (n) intervention/placebo Participants Age range Intervention group Control group Duration of intervention Statistical significance Evaluated outcomes Knipscheer et al., 1996 54/18 8 to 16 years Pravastatin: (1) 5 mg/day, (2) 10 mg/day, and (3) 20 mg/day Placebo 12 weeks p < 0.05 TC, LDL-C, TGs, HDL-C, apo A-I, apo B, Lp(a), VLDL-C, ALT, AST, hormones Stein et al., 1999 67/65 10 to 17 years Lovastatin 10 mg/day for 8 weeks; 20 mg/d for 8 weeks, 40 mg/day Placebo 48 weeks p < 0.05 LDL-C, TGs, TC, HDL-C, apo A-I, apo A-II, apo B, Lp(a), testicular volume, ALT, AST, hormones, growth and development de Jongh et al., 2002 106/69 10 to 17 years Sinvastatin 10 mg/day for 8 weeks; 20 mg/day for 8 weeks; 40 mg/day Placebo 48 weeks p < 0.05 LDL-C, CT, TGs, HDL-C, apo A-I, apo B, VLDL-C, hsCRP, ALT, AST, hormones McCrindle et al., 2003 140/47 10 to 17 years Atorvastatin 10 mg/day; 20 mg/day if LDL ≥ 3.4 at weeks 4 Placebo 26 weeks p < 0.05 LDL-C, CT, TGs, HDL-C, apo A-I, apo B, ALT, AST, hormones Wiegman et al., 2004 106/108 8 to 18 years Pravastatin 20 mg/day if <14 years of age; 40 mg/day if ≥ 14 years of age Placebo 104 weeks p < 0.05 LDL-C, TGs, TC, HDL-C, Lp(a), carotid IMT, growth, maturation, hormone level, liver and muscle enzymes Clauss et al., 2005 35/19 10 to 17 years Lovastatin 20 mg/day for 4 weeks; 40 mg/day Placebo 24 weeks p ≤ 0.05 LDL-C, TGs, HDL-C, apo A-I, apo B, Lp(a), VLDL-C, ALT, AST, hormones Rodenburg et al., 2006 90/88 8 to 8 years Pravastatin 20 mg/day if <14 years of age; 40 mg/day if ≥ 14 years of age Placebo 104 weeks p < 0.05 LDL-C, TC, TGs, HDL-C, apo B, Lp(a), VLDL-C, carotid IMT, C-reactive protein, OxLDL markers, Immune complexes intervention/placebo Age range intervention outcomes Van der Graaf et al. 2008 126/122 10 to 17 years Simvastatin: (1) 10 mg/day, 20 mg/day, or 40 mg/day plus ezetimibe 10 mg/day or placebo for 6 weeks; Sinvastatin: (2) 40 mg/day plus ezetimibe 10 mg/day or placebo for 27 weeks; All subjects received open-label: (3) simvastatin 10 mg/day or 20 mg/day plus ezetimibe 10 mg/day for 20 weeks; Placebo 53 weeks p < 0.05 LDL-C, TC, TGs, HDL-C, apo B Avis et al., 2010 131/46 10 to 17 years Rosuvastatin: 5 mg/day, 10 mg/day, 20mg/day Placebo 12 weeks p < 0.05 ALT, AST, CK, GFR, urine, TC, LDL-C, TGs, HDL-C, apo A-I, apoB Braamskamp et al., 2015 79/27 6 to 17 years Pitavastatin: 1 mg/day, 2 mg/day, 4 mg/day Placebo 12 weeks p < 0.05 TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TGs, apo A-I, apoB Abbreviations: hsCRP: high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, CK: creatine phosphokinase, apo B: apolipoprotein B, apo A-I: apolipoprotein A-I, apo A-II: apolipoprotein A-II, DHEAS: cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone, LH: lutropin, IMT: carotid intima-media thickness, CK: creatine kinase, GFR: glomerular filtration rate; sPLA2: secretory phospholipase A2, TGs: triglyceride, VLDL-C: very low dfensity lipoprotein – cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein – cholesterol, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high density lipoproteins – cholesterol, Lp(a): lipoprotein, Lp-PLA2: lipoprotein- associated phospholipase A2, OxLDL markers: oxidized low-density lipoprotein. 813