ABC | Volume 111, Nº3, September 2018

Brief Communication Oliveira et al Silent cerebral infarctions in heart failure Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(3):419-422 1. Haeusler KG, Laufs U, Endres M. Chronic heart failure and ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2011;42(10):2977-82. 2. Zhu Y, Dufouil C, Tzourio C, Chabriat H,Tzourio C, Chabriat H. Silent brain infarcts : A Review of MRI Diagnostic Criteria. Stroke. 2011;42(4):1140-5. 3. Kozdag G, Ciftci E, Vural A, Selekler M, Sahin T, Ural D, et al. Silent cerebral infarction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Echocardiographic correlates. Int J Cardiol. 2006;107(3):376–81. 4. Hassell MEC, Nijveldt R, Roos YBW, Majoie CBL, Hamon M, Piek JJ, et al. Silent cerebral infarcts associated with cardiac disease and procedures. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013;10(12):696–706. 5. Scherbakov N, Haeusler KG, DoehnerW. Ischemic stroke and heart failure: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Fail. 2015;2(1):1–4. 6. Kupczy ń ska K, Kasprzak JD, Michalski B, Lipiec P. Prognostic significance of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast detected by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in the era of harmonic imaging. Arch Med Sci. 2013;9(5):808–14. 7. KimW,KimEJ.Heartfailureasariskfactorforstroke.JStroke.2018;20(1):33–45. 8. McMurrayJJV,AdamopoulosS,AnkerSD,AuricchioA,BohmM,DicksteinK, etal.ESCGuidelinesforthediagnosisandtreatmentofacuteandchronicheart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and ChronicHeartFailure2012oftheEuropeanSocietyofCardiology.Developed in collaboration with the Heart. Eur Heart J. 2012; 33(14):1787–847. 9. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, BuenoH, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developedwith the special contribution of ESC Failure. Eur Heart J Fail. 2016;18(8):891-975. 10. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al., Recomendaciones para la Cuantificación de las Cavidades Cardíacas por Ecocardiografía en Adultos: Actualización de la Sociedad Americana de Ecocardiografía y de la Asociación Europea de Imagen Cardiovascular. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1–39. 11. Lueneberg ME, Monaco CG, Ferreira LDC, Silva CES, Gil MA, Peixoto LB, et al. O Coração como Fonte Emboligênica : Não Basta Realizar Ecocardiograma Transesofágico . É preciso ser bem feito . Rev Bras Ecocardiogr. 2003;16(2):1-12. 12. Kozdag G, Ciftci E, Ural D, Sahin T, Selekler M, Agacdiken A, et al. Silent cerebral infarction in chronic heart failure: Ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008; 4(2):463–9. 13. Siachos T, Vanbakel A, FeldmanDS, UberW, Simpson KN, PereiraNL. Silent strokes in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail. 2005;11(7):485-9. 14. Chen R, Ovbiagele B, Feng W, Carolina S, Carolina S. Diabetic and stroke epidemiology, pathophysiology, pharmaeuticals and outcomes. Am J Med. 2016;351(4):380-6. 15. Ay H, Oliveira-filho J, Buonanno FS, Ezzeddine M, Schaefer PW, Rordorf G, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging identifies a subset of lacunar infarction associated with embolic source. Stroke. 1999; 30(12):2644-50. 16. Tsuji K, Sakata Y, Nochioka K, Miura M, Yamauchi T, Onose T, et al. Characterization of heart failure patients with mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction-a report from the CHART-2 Study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(10):1258–69. 17. Sartipy U, Dahlström U, Fu M, Lund LH. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved, mid-range, and reduced ejection fraction. JACCHeart Fail. 2017;5(8):565–74. References This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by Márcia Maria Carneiro Oliveira, from Universidade Federal da Bahia. 422