ABC | Volume 111, Nº3, September 2018

Original Article Medeiros et al Obstructive sleep apnea in chagas disease Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(3):364-372 Figure 2 – Left atrial diameter in patients with Chagas disease. OSA: obstructive sleep apnea. Kruskal-Wallis test, with Bonferroni post-hoc. p < 0.01 p = 0.03 p = 0.54 55 45 35 25 50 40 30 Left Atrial Diameter (mm) Without OSA Mild OSA Mod/Severe OSA Table 3 – Echocardiography, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and sleep study characteristics Variable Total n = 135 No OSA n = 57 Mild OSA n = 50 Mod/Severe OSA n = 28 p Echocardiography LVFE (%) 60 (51–65) 61 (57–66) 59 (47–65) 57 (43–63) 0.09* LA volume index (mL/m 2 )* 29 (23–38) 27 (21–33) 30 (23–38) 37 (51–55) < 0.001* Aorta (mm) 30 (28–33) 30 (28–32) 30 (29–34) 30 (27–34) 0.21* LV diastolic dimension (mm) 52 (49–58) 51 (48–55) 53 (49–58) 56 (50–61) 0.24* LV systolic dimension (mm) 34 (30–41) 32 (30–37) 34 (30–40) 39 (30–48) 0.14* Septum (mm) 8.0 (8.0–9.0) 8.0 (7.5–9.0) 8.0 (8.0–9.0) 8.0 (8.0–9.8) 0.10* Posterior wall thickness (mm) 8.0 (7.0–9.0) 8.0 (7.0–9.0) 8.0 (8.0–9.0) 8.0 (8.0–9.0) 0.27* LV longitudinal strain (%)** –17 (–20/–13) –19 (–21/–15) –17 (–20/–12) –16 (–19/–13) 0.04* ABPM Systolic BP awake, mmHg 121 ± 12 118 ± 12 121 ± 12 123 ± 14 0.22 ¥ Diastolic BP awake, mmHg 74 ± 8 76 ± 8 73 ± 8 73 ± 9 0.34 ¥ Systolic BP Sleep, mmHg 113 ± 14 110 ± 11 113 ± 13 119 ± 17 0.01 ¥ Diastolic BP sleep, mmHg 67 ± 9 67 ± 8 66 ± 9 69 ± 9 0.41 ¥ Systolic non-dipping, % 78 75 79 89 0.29 † Diastolic non-dipping, % 48 40 41 75 < 0.01 † Sleep variables AHI. Events/hour 5.8 (2.7–11.9) 2.4 (1.6–3.3) 7.2 (5.8–10.0) 20.3 (16.7–29.1) < 0.001 ¥ Mean SaO 2 , % 96 (95–97) 97 (94–97) 96 (94–97) 95 (94–97) < 0.001* Lowest SaO 2 , % 88 (83–92) 92 (89–94) 86 (83–89) 83 (79–87) < 0.001* Desaturation index. Number/hour 5.5 (2.2–12.8) 2.1 (0.9–3.4) 7.5 (4.9–10.4) 19.0 (5.9–26.5) < 0.001* SaO 2 < 90. % of night time 0 (0–3) 0 (0–0) 1 (0–4) 2 (1–5) < 0.001* Values are mean (±SD). Variables with skewed distribution presented as median (interquartile range). OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; LVFE: left ventricular ejection fraction; LA: left atrial; LV: left ventricular; ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure measurement; BP: blood pressure; AHI: apnoea-hypopnoea index; SaO 2 : arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. **Data from 103 patients. *: Test of Kruskal-Wallis; † : Chi-square test of Pearson; ¥ : Anova test. 368