ABC | Volume 111, Nº2, August 2018

Review Article Leite et al Aspirin and hormonal therapy in breast cancer Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(2):205-212 14. Martino S, Cauley JA, Barrett-Connor E, Powles TJ, Mershon J, DischD, et al; CORE Investigators. Continuing outcomes relevant to Evista: breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in a randomized trial of raloxifene. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(23):1751-61. 15. Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, Costantino, JP, Cummings S, DeCensi A, et al; SERM Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer Overview Group. Selective estrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2013;381(9880):1827-34. 16. Amir E, Seruga B, Niraula S, Carlsson L, Ocaña A. Toxicity of adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(17):1299-309. 17. McCaskill-StevensW,Wilson J,Bryant J,MamounasE,GarveyL, James J,etal. Contralateral breast cancer and thromboembolic events in African American women treated with tamoxifen. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(23):1762-9. Erratum in: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(1):71. 18. Onitilo AA, McCarty CA, Wilke RA, Glurich I, Engel JM, Flockhart DA, et al. Estrogen receptor genotype is associated with risk of venous thromboembolism during tamoxifen therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;115(3):643-50. 19. Geiger AM, Fischberg GM, Chen W, Bernstein L. Stroke risk and tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(20):1528-36. 20. Bushnell CD, Goldstein LB. Risk of ischemic strokewith tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2004;63(7):1230-3. 21. Barrett-Connor E, Mosca L, Collins P, Geiger MJ, Grady D, Kornitzer M, et al; RaloxifeneUse for TheHeart (RUTH) Trial Investigators. Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(2):125-37. 22. Cuzick J, Forbes JF, Sestak I, Cawtohorn S, Hamed H, Holli K, et al; International Breast Cancer Intervention Study I Investigators. Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer - 96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(4):272-82. 23. Sawada S, Sato K. Effect of anastrozole and tamoxifen on serum lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women with early breast câncer. [abstract]. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003;82(Suppl 1):S31-S32. 24. Atalay G, Dirix L, Biganzoli L, Beex L, Nooij M, Cameron D, et al. The effect of exemestane on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer: a companion study to EORTC Trial 10951, “Randomised phase II study in first line hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer with exemestane or tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients”. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(2):211-7. 25. Cano A, Hermenegildo C, Oviedo P, Tarín JJ. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and risk for coronary heart disease. Climacteric. 2007;10(2):97-111. 26. Reis SE, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, Tan-Chiu E, Wang J, Kavanah M. Cardiovascular effects of tamoxifen in women with and without heart disease: breast cancer prevention trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(1):16-21. 27. Geiger AM, ChenW, Bernstein L. Myocardial infarction risk and tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005;92(9):1614-20. 28. Bradbury BD, Lash TL, Kaye JA, Jick SS. Tamoxifen-treated breast carcinoma patients and the risk of acute myocardial infarction and newly-diagnosed angina. Cancer. 2005;103(6):1114-21. 29. Nordenskjold B, Rosell J, Rutqvist LE, Malmström PO, Bergh J, Bengtsson NO, et al. Coronary heart disease mortality after 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy: results from a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(21):1609-10. 30. Early Breast Cancer Trialist’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet. 2005;365(9472):1687-717. 31. Gay LJ, Felding-Habermann B. Contribution of platelets to tumour metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(2):123-34. 32. Smyth SS, McEver RP, Weyrich AS, Morrell CN, HoffmanMR, Arepally GM, et al; 2009 Platelet Colloquium Participants. Platelet functions beyond hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(11):1759-66. 33. Dobrydneva Y, Weatherman RV, Trebley JP, Morrell MM, Fitzgerald MC, Fichandler CE, et al. Tamoxifen stimulates calcium entry into human platelets. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007;50(4):380-90. 34. Shah VP, Chegini HA, Vishneski SR, Weatherman RV, Blackmore PF, Dobrydneva Y. Tamoxifen promotes superoxide production in platelets by activation of PI3kinase and NADPH oxidase pathways. Thromb Res. 2012;129(1):36-42. 35. Johnson KE, Forward JA, Tippy MD, Ceglowski JR, El-Husayni S, Kulenthirarajan R, et al. Tamoxifen Directly Inhibits Platelet Angiogenic Potential and Platelet-Mediated Metastasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017;37(4):664-74. 36. Boudreau N, Myers C. Breast cancer-induced angiogenesis: multiple mechanisms and the role of the microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res. 2003;5(3):140-6. 37. Jayachandran M, Miller VM. Human platelets contain estrogen receptor α , caveolin-1 and estrogen receptor associated proteins. Platelets. 2003;14(2):75-81. 38. KhetawatG,FaradayN,NealenML,Vijayan,KV,BoltonE,NogaSJ,etal.Human megakaryocytes and platelets contain the estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor(AR):testosteroneregulatesARexpression.Blood.2000;95(7):2289-96. 39. Moro L, Reineri S, Piranda D, Pietrapiana D, Lova P, Bertoni A, et al. Nongenomic effects of 17 β -estradiol in human platelets: potentiation of thrombin-induced aggregation through estrogen receptor β and Src kinase. Blood. 2005;105(1):115-21. 40. HolmesCE,HuangJC,PaceTR,HowardAB,MussHB.Tamoxifenandaromatase inhibitorsdifferentiallyaffectvascularendothelialgrowthfactorandendostatin levels inwomenwith breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(10):3070-6. 41. Holmes CE, Jasielec J, Levis JE, Skelly J, Muss HB. Initiation of aspirin therapy modulates angiogenic protein levels in women with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen therapy. Clin Transl Sci. 2013;6(5):386-90. 42. Cheng R, Liu YJ, Cui JW, Yang M, Liu XL, Li P, et al. Aspirin regulation of c-myc and cyclinD1 proteins to overcome tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast câncer cells. Oncotarget. 2017;8(18):30252-64. 43. Duvernoy CS, Yeo AA, WongM, Cox DA, KimHM. Antiplatelet therapy use and the risk of venous thromboembolic events in the Raloxifene Use for the Heart (RUTH) trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010;19(8):1459-65. 44. Holmes MD, Chen WY, Li L, Hertzmark E, Spiegelman D, Hankinson SE, et al. Aspirin intake and survival after breast cancer. 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