ABC | Volume 111, Nº1, July 2018

Original Article Bassi et al T2DM and HTN on HRV and cardiorespiratory status Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 111(1):64-72 Cardiopulmonary exercise test Table 3 shows the comparison between groups in relation to peak variables obtained during the CPET. Compared with the T2DM group, T2DM+HTN had significantly higher values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at rest (p = 0.02). Considering only the DMT2 group, we found that ApEn influenced the slope (R 2 = -0.40, p < 0.05) and the VP (R 2  = -0.48, p < 0.02) (Figure 1). Finally, when we considered both T2DM and T2DM + HTN groups, we found that the nonlinear indices influenced the VP (R 2 = -0.10, p < 0.03) and the V E /VCO 2 slope (R 2 = -0.08, p < 0.05) (Figure 2). Maximum workload was no different between groups, as well as VO 2 , VCO 2 , respiratory exchange ratio (RER), slope, CP and VP. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the possible influence of HRV indices on CPET variables of interest, which was observed with three of the variables, affected by risk factors – slope was influenced by SD1 (interaction effects: R 2 = -0.28, p < 0.005) and VP (R 2 = -0.32, p < 0.03), when both groups considered together. Table 1 – Patients demographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics Variables DMT2 (n = 32) DMT2+HTN (n = 28) p value Gender (males/females) 20/12 20/8 0.464 Age (years) 51 ± 7.5 51 ± 6.9 0.660 Weight (kg) 79.3 ± 9.6 86.2 ± 14* 0.033 Height (m) 1.7 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.1 0.450 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 28.5 ± 4.4 31 ± 3.8* 0.031 Duration DMT2 (years) 5.7 ± 5.3 6.6 ± 6.4 0.334 Duration HTN (years) - 3 ± 2.6 - SBP (mmHg) 129 ± 16 140 ± 20 0.021 DBP (mmHg) 87 ±7 94 ± 12 0.011 Medications Antiglycemics - % (n) Biguanides 87.5 (28) 75 (21) 0.312 Sulfonylureas 50 (16) 57.1 (16) 0.613 DPP-4 inhibitors 6.2 (2) - - Antihypertensive- % (n) ARBII - 50 (14) - Diuretics - 25 (7) - ACE I inhibitors - 21.4 (6) - Renin Inhibitors - 10.7 (3) - β-blocker - 7.1 (2) - Risk factors - % (n) Smoking - - - CAD family history 21.88 (7) 25 (7) 1.000 Sedentarism 100 (32) 100 (28) 1.000 Dyslipidemia 43.75 (14) 46.43 (13) 1.000 Laboratory exams HbA1c (%) 8 ± 2.14 8.7 ± 1.6 0.394 Insulin (µU/mL) 12 ± 8 19.1 ± 12.5* 0.010 Fasting glucose (mg/dL) 160 ± 69.4 164.6 ± 50.7 0.774 QUICKI 0.34 ± 0.07 0.29 ± 0.02* 0.011 HOMA-IR 4 ± 4 8 ± 6.6* 0.020 Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. DMT2: type 2 diabetes Mellitus HTN: arterial hypertension; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure (reference values according to the Brazilian Society of Diabetes criteria; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ARBII: angiotensin II receptor antagonists; ACE I: angiotensin converting enzyme I inhibitor; CAD: coronary artery disease; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance. * p<0.05, unpaired Student’s t-test or chi-square test. 67