ABC | Volume 110, Nº6, June 2018

Original Article Zhen et al AAC leads to obvious CH using 0.45 mm needle Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(6):568-576 Table 2 – Echocardiographic outcomes of 18-g, 22-g, and 26-g mice 18 g/0.40 mm (n = 6) 18 g/0.45 mm (n = 8) 18 g/0.50 mm (n = 10) 18 g/Sham (n = 10) 22 g/0.45 mm (n = 7) 22 g/0.50 mm (n = 10) 22 g/Sham (n = 10) 26 g/0.45 mm (n = 4) 26 g/0.50 mm (n = 10) 26 g/Sham (n = 10) Week 4 IVSd 0.92 ± 0.05* 0.96 ± 0.05* 0.86 ± 0.05 0.81 ± 0.04 0.82 ± 0.06 0.83 ± 0.04 0.78 ± 0.04 0.84 ± 0.03 0.80 ± 0.04 0.80 ± 0.04 IVSs 1.12 ± 0.05 1.24 ± 0.15* 1.08 ± 0.10 1.05 ± 0.04 1.06 ± 0.07* 1.00 ± 0.04 0.98 ± 0.03 1.15 ± 0.08 1.11 ± 0.07 1.08 ± 0.08 LVIDd 3.21 ± 0.31 3.33 ± 0.26 3.00 ± 0.16 3.08 ± 0.28 3.04 ± 0.20 3.01 ± 0.17 3.00 ± 0.19 3.40 ± 0.11* 3.11 ± 0.15 2.96 ± 0.22 LVIDs 2.13 ± 0.26 2.37 ± 0.26* 2.03 ± 0.11 2.09 ± 0.21 1.92 ± 0.13 1.98 ± 0.14 2.07 ± 0.18 2.24 ± 0.18* 2.02 ± 0.13 1.93 ± 0.14 LVPWd 0.94 ± 0.04* 1.01 ± 0.08* 0.87 ± 0.04 0.81 ± 0.09 0.85 ± 0.04 0.87 ± 0.05* 0.81 ± 0.07 0.90 ± 0.06 0.89 ± 0.05 0.87 ± 0.06 LVPWs 1.13 ± 0.06 1.24 ± 0.06* 1.08 ± 0.09 1.04 ± 0.03 1.04 ± 0.04 1.00 ± 0.07 1.04 ± 0.10 1.27 ± 0.04* 1.12 ± 0.07 1.10 ± 0.05 EF % 70.7 ± 3.8 66.0 ± 3.9 67.9 ± 3.5 68.5 ± 2.6 72.1 ± 4.5 68.3 ± 3.7 70.6 ± 3.6 70.5 ± 5.4 71.2 ± 3.1 73.1 ± 4,.7 FS % 34.5 ± 2.4 31.2 ± 2.1* 34.5 ± 2.3 34.3 ± 2.4 36.9 ± 2.3 35.7 ± 3.0 36.7 ± 2.8 36.3 ± 2.6 37.5 ± 2.3 36.6 ± 3.2 Week 8 IVSd 0.93 ± 0.08* 0.97 ± 0.05* 0.88 ± 0.04 0.83 ± 0.07 0.99 ± 0.06* 0.91 ± 0.02* 0.84 ± 0.07 0.93 ± 0.08 0.91 ± 0.06 0.85 ± 0.06 IVSs 1.18 ± 0.20 1.33 ± 0.14* 1.15 ± 0.07 1.10 ± 0.10 1.26 ± 0.07* 1.16 ± 0.10* 1.04 ± 0.08 1.19 ± 0.10 1.17 ± 0.11 1.14 ± 0.07 LVIDd 3.34 ± 0.24 4.12 ± 0.34* 3.30 ± 0.41 3.14 ± 0.15 3.26 ± 0.13 3.15 ± 0.13 3.23 ± 0.15 3.50 ± 0.12* 3.29 ± 0.16 3.20 ± 0.15 LVIDs 2.13 ± 0.11 3.02 ± 0.27* 2.21 ± 0.40 1.94 ± 0.18 2.25 ± 0.11 2.11 ± 0.14 2.19 ± 0.12 2.50 ± 0.15* 2.33 ± 0.26 2.14 ± 0.15 LVPWd 0.96 ± 0.08* 1.03 ± 0.08* 0.93 ± 0.04* 0.84 ± 0.08 0.99 ± 0.05* 0.96 ± 0.04* 0.90 ± 0.06 1.02 ± 0.07* 0.96 ± 0.04* 0.90 ± 0.04 LVPWs 1.23 ± 0.08* 1.35 ± 0.13* 1.20 ± 0.07* 1.07 ± 0.07 1.22 ± 0.06* 1.14 ± 0.07 1.07 ± 0.08 1.30 ± 0.08* 1.13 ± 0.05* 1.04 ± 0.06 EF % 64.7 ± 4.6* 60.9 ± 2.4* 67.6 ± 4.7* 75.5 ± 5.5 63.3 ± 3.0* 67.7 ± 3.3* 74.2 ± 3.2 62.8 ± 2.6* 67.5 ± 5.3* 73.1 ± 2.9 FS % 33.2 ± 3.0* 29.4 ± 1.9* 35.8 ± 4.3* 41.0 ± 5.5 32.9 ± 1.6* 35.5 ± 2.4* 40.8 ± 3.1 31.0 ± 3.2* 32.7 ± 3.8* 36.9 ± 2.5 IVSd: interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole; IVSs: interventricular septum thickness at end-systole; LVIDd: left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole; LVIDs: left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole; LVPWd: left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole; LVPWs: left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole; EF: ejection fraction; FS: fractional shortening. The cardiac dimensions (inclding IVSd, IVSs, LVIDd, LVIDs, LVPWd, and LVPWs) (mm) and functional indices (inclding EF and FS) changes measured by echocardiography. Data were statistically analyzed and presented as the mean ± SD. At week 4, cardiac dimensions for the AAC groups significantly increased compared with the sham groups (*p < 0.05); at week 8 , more cardiac dimensions significantly increased, and that EF and FS values for the AAC groups all decreased significantly compared to those of the sham groups for 3 weight levels (*p < 0.05). Table 3 – Heart weight–related indices of 18-g, 22-g, and 26-g mice 18 g/0.40 mm (n = 6) 18 g/0.45 mm (n = 8) 18 g/0.50mm (n = 10) 18 g/Sham (n = 10) 22 g/0.45 mm (n = 7) 22 g/0.50 mm (n = 10) 22 g/Sham (n = 10) 26 g/0.45 mm (n = 4) 26 g/0.50 mm (n = 10) 26 g/Sham (n = 10) HW 136.5 ± 22.3* 170.0 ± 21.4** 124.0 ± 9.9* 103.5 ± 7.0 137.1 ± 7.4** 115.5 ± 7.6* 104.3 ± 7.4 153.5 ± 4.8** 114.3 ± 5.1* 103.2 ± 5.6 HW/BW 5.39 ± 0.85* 6.41 ± 0.68** 4.67 ± 0.37* 3.86 ± 0.18 5.22 ± 0.42** 4.23 ± 0.28* 3.62 ± 0.26 5.41 ± 0.14** 4.02 ± 0.13* 3.59 ± 0.16 HW/TL 63.8 ± 10.3* 74.4 ± 9.3** 57.6 ± 4.6* 47.8 ± 3.6 59.6 ± 3.3** 54.2 ± 3.8* 48.3 ± 3.9 65.6 ± 1.3** 49.2 ± 2.6* 44.1 ± 2.8 HW: heart weight; BW: body weight; TL: tibial length. HW(mg), HW/BW(mg/g), and HW/TL(mg/cm) were measured and calculated from AAC and sham groups of 3 BW levels. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *Compared to the sham group in the same BW level, the heart weight–related indices of AAC groups increased significantly (p < 0.05). **Compared to the rest groups in the same BW level, the heart weight–related indices of the AAC 0.45-mm group increased significantly (p < 0.05). 571