ABC | Volume 110, Nº6, June 2018

Original Article Cardiovascular Risk in Xavante Indigenous Population Luana Padua Soares, 1,2 Amaury Lelis Dal Fabbro, 1 Anderson Soares Silva, 1 Daniela Saes Sartorelli, 1 Luciana Ferreira Franco, 3 Patrícia Chamadoira Kuhn, 3 Regina Santiago Moises, 3 João Paulo Botelho Vieira-Filho, 3 Laércio Joel Franco 1 Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, 1 São Paulo, SP - Brazil Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2 Uberlândia, MG - Brazil Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 3 São Paulo, SP - Brazil Mailing Address: Luana Padua Soares • Av. Pará, 1720 - Bloco 2U - Curso de Nutrição. Postal Code 38405-320, Umuarama, Uberlândia. MG – Brazil E-mail: luanapaduasoares@hotmail.com, luanaps@ufu.br Manuscript received April 26, 2017, revised mansucript September 18, 2017, accepted December 19, 2017 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180090 Abstract Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is little known in Brazilian indigenous populations. In the last two decades, important changes have occurred in the lifestyle and epidemiological profile of the Xavante people. Objective: to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Xavante adults in São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande reserves, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 925 Xavante people aged ≥ 20 years between 2008 and 2012. The following indicators were assessed: triglycerides (TG), total, LDL and HDL-cholesterol, Castelli index I and II, TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, apo B / Apo A1 ratio, Framingham risk score, C-reactive protein, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW), glycemia and blood pressure. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student’s t test and Chi-square test ( χ 2 ) were used for statistical analysis, and significance level was set at 5%. Results: High prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk was observed in men and women according to HDL-cholesterol (66.2% and 86.2%, respectively), TG (53.2% and 51.5%), TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio (60.0% and 49.1%), C-reactive protein (44.1% and 48.1%), BMI (81.3% and 81.7%), WC (59.1% and 96.2%), HW (38.0% and 50,6%) and glycemia (46.8% and 70.2%). Individuals aged 40 to 59 years had the highest cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: The Xavante have a high cardiovascular risk according to several indicators evaluated. The present analysis of cardiovascular risk factors provides support for the development of preventive measures and early treatment, in attempt to minimize the impact of cardiovascular diseases on this population. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(6):542-550) Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology; Risk Factors; Indigenous Population; Adult; Obesity; Dyslipidemias. Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Brazil and the world. Approximately one third of deaths are caused by CVDs. Besides, they constitute one of the main causes of long hospital stay and health costs in Brazil. 1,2 Most CVDs result from unhealthy lifestyle and modifiable risk factors. Altered lipid profile, diabetes mellitus, smoking, advanced age, family history, sedentary lifestyle and weight excess are the main predisposing factors for CVDs. 1-3 CVDs start in early stages of life and progress silently until first manifestations in advanced stages. The earlier the risk factors are identified, the higher the possibility of prevention to prevent and reduce complications. 2 The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is still poorly investigated in indigenous populations in Brazil. In the last decades, considerable changes in eating habits and physical activity level have occurred in Xavante people, contributing to increased prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases in this population. 4,5 However, despite significant literature on health conditions, there are no studies on cardiovascular risk in this indigenous group. Considering that CVDs increase the risk of premature deaths, disabilities and decreased quality of life, and exert an economic impact for families, communities and society, determining the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors would be valuable for the establishment of prevention strategies. 2 The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Xavante adults from São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande indigenous reserves in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of Xavante adults living in São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande indigenous reserves in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. 542