ABC | Volume 110, Nº5, May 2018

Original Article Oliveira et al Exercise in acute heart failure Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(5):467-475 10. Ezekowitz JA, Hernandez AF, O’Connor CM, Starling RC, Proulx G, Weiss MH, et al. Assessment of dyspnea in acute decompensated heart failure: insights fromASCEND-HF (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide inDecompensatedHeartFailure)onthecontributionsofpeakexpiratoryflow. J AmColl Cardiol. 2012;59(16):1441-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.061. 11. Kee K, NaughtonMT. Heart failure and the lung. Circ J. 2010;74(12):2507- 16. egdoi: https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-10-0869 12. Acosta B, DiBenedetto R, Rahimi A, Acosta MF, Cuadra O, Van Nguyen A, et al. Hemodynamic effects of noninvasive bilevel positive airway pressure on patientswithchroniccongestiveheart failurewithsystolicdysfunction.Chest. 2000;118(4):1004-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.118.4.1004. 13. Tallman TA, Peacock WF, Emerman CL, et al. Noninvasive ventilation outcomes in 2,430 acute decompensated heart failure patients: an ADHERE Registry Analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(4):355-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00059.x. 14. Sperandio PA, Borghi-Silva A, Barroco A, Nery LE, Almeida DR, Neder JA. Microvascular oxygen delivery-to-utilizationmismatch at the onset of heavy- intensity exercise in optimally treated patients with CHF. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;297(5):H1720-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00596.2009. 15. Sperandio PA, Oliveira MF, Rodrigues MK, Berton DC, Treptow E, Nery LE, et al. Sildenafil improves microvascular O2 delivery-to-utilizationmatching and accelerates exercise O2 uptake kinetics in chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012;303(12):H1474-80. doi: 10.1152/ ajpheart.00435.2012. 16. Borghi-Silva A, Carrascosa C, Oliveira CC, Barroco AC, Berton DC, Vilaça D, et al. Effects of respiratory muscle unloading on leg muscle oxygenation and blood volume during high-intensity exercise in chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294(6):H2465-72. doi: 10.1152/ ajpheart.91520.2007. 17. O’Donnell DE, D’Arsigny C, Raj S, Abdollah H, Webb KA. Ventilatory assistance improves exercise endurance in stable congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(6):1804-11. doi: 10.1164/ ajrccm.160.6.9808134. 18. Burtin C, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, Ferdinande P, Langer D, Troosters T, et al. Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances short-term functional recovery. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(9):2499-505. doi: 10.1097/ CCM.0b013e3181a38937. 19. Morris PE, Goad A, Thompson C, Taylor K, Harry B, Passmore L, et al. Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(8):2238-43. doi: 10.1097/ CCM.0b013e318180b90e. 20. 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ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaborationwith the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(14):1787-847. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2013 Jan;34(2):158. 25. Gray A, Goodacre S, Newby DE, Masson M, Sampson F, Nicholl J; 3CPO Trialists. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(2):142-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707992. 26. Neder JA, Andreoni S, Lerario MC, Nery LE. Reference values for lung function tests. II. Maximal respiratory pressures and voluntary ventilation. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(6):719-27. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S0100-879X1999000600007. 27. ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. 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