ABC | Volume 110, Nº5, May 2018

Original Article Navarro et al Metabolic Syndrome in Vegetarian and Omnivorous Men Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(5):430-437 1. Acosta-Navarro JC, Prado SMC, Sanchez DE, Ayala CC, Cabezas JT, Mejia ZP, et al . Pressão sanguínea, perfil lipídico e outros parâmetros bioquímicos entre peruanos vegetarianos, semi-vegetarianos e onívoros. OEstudo Lima. Na Paul Med Cir.1998;125:87-101. 2. Acosta-Navarro JC, Caramelli B. Vegetarians from Latin America. Am J Cardiol 2010;105(6):902. 3. Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S, Behrooz J, Zare M. Relationship betweenmajor dietary patterns andmetabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition. 2010;26(10):986-92. 4. Yokohama Y, Nishimura K, BarnardN, Takegami M, WatanabeM, Sekikawa A, et al. Vegetarian diets and blood pressure. A meta-analysis. JAMA Inter Med. 2014;174(4):577-87. 5. Acosta Navarro JC, Prado SC, Guimarães G, Martins M, Caramelli B. Vegetarians and semi-vegetarians are less exposed to cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Atheroscler. 2006;1(1):48-54. 6. Teixeira RCM, Molina MCB, Zandonade E, Mill JG. Cardiovascular risk in vegetarians and omnivores: a comparative study. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;89(4):214-21. 7. Wilson PWF, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation .1998; 97(18):1837-47. 8. Rizzo NS, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fraser GE. Vegetarian dietary patterns are associatedwith a lower risk of metabolic syndrome: the Adventist Health Study 2. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(5):1225-7. 9. ChiangJK,LinYL,ChenCL,OuyangCM,WuYT,ChiYC,etal.Reducedriskfor metabolicsyndromeandinsulinresistanceassociatedwithovo-lacto-vegetarian behavior in female Buddhists: a case-control study. PLos ONE. 2013;8(8):1-8. 10. SebekováK,BoorP,ValachovicováM.Associationofmetabolicsyndromerisk factors with selected markers of oxidative status and microinflammation in healthy omnivores and vegetarians. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006;50(9):858-68. 11. Huang C-J, Fan Y-C, Liu J-F, Tsai P-S. Characteristics and nutrient intake of Taiwanese elderly vegetarians: evidence from a national survey. Br J Nutr. 2011; 106(3):451-60. 12. Shang P, Shu Z, Wang Y, Li N, Du S, Sun F, et al. Veganism does not reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese cohort. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2011;20(3):404-10. 13. Gadgil MD, Anderson CAM, Kandula NR, Kanaya AM. Dietary patterns in Asian Indians in the United States: an analysis of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in South Asians living in America Study (MASALA). J Acad Nutr Diet 2014;114(2):238-43. 14. Turner-McGrievy G, Harris M. Key Elements of plant-based diets associated withreducedriskofmetabolicsyndrome.CurrDiabRep.2014;14(9):524-32. 15. Beltrán-Sánchez H, HarhayMO, HarhayMM, McElligott S. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in the adult US population, 1999–2010. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(8):697-703. 16. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome—a new world- wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med 2006;23(5):469-80. 17. Zimmet P, Alberti G, Shaw J. Nueva definición mundial de la FID del síndrome metabólico: argumentos y resultados. Diabetes Voice. 2005;50(3):31-3. 18. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Brussels(Belgium),2006. 19. Arbel Y, Havakuk O, Halkin A, Revivo M, Berliner S, Herz I, et al. Relation of Metabolic Syndrome With Long-Term Mortality in Acute and Stable Coronary Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(3):283-7. 20. Acosta-Navarro J, Antoniazzi L, Oki AM, Bonfim MC, Hong V, Acosta- Cardenas P, et al. Reduced subclinical carotid vascular disease and arterial stiffness in vegetarian men: The CARVOS Study. Intern J Cardiol 2017;230:562–6. References Our study is important because its sample included only apparently healthy men, which is a large segment of society and, therefore, of great interest in terms of primary prevention of CVD. The study findings therefore will have a great positive impact in terms of public health economics and quality of life. Conclusion This study provides evidence that, in apparently healthy men, a VEG diet is associated with lower levels of some CRF, as well as lower FRS and percentage of individuals with MSyn, suggesting a VEG diet can be considered a protective factor against the development of CVD. Author contributions Conception and design of the research: Navarro JCA; Acquisition of data: Navarro JCA, Antoniazzi L, Oki AM, Bonfim MC, Hong V, Acosta-Cardenas P; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Navarro JCA, Antoniazzi L, Oki AM, Bonfim MC, Hong V, Bortolotto LA; Statistical analysis: Navarro JCA, Antoniazzi L, Hong V; Writing of the manuscript: Acosta-Cardenas P; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Navarro JCA, Antoniazzi L, Oki AM, Hong V, Sandrim V, Miname MH, Santos Filho RD. Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This article is part of the thesis of Post Doctoral submitted by Julio Cesar Acosta Navarro, from Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo under the protocol number CAAE: 03540812.2.0000.0068. File: 35704. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. 436