ABC | Volume 110, Nº4, April 2018

Original Article Cartolano et al LAP and lipoprotein size Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(4):339-347 Table 2 – Framingham risk score, biochemical and anthropometric characteristics of subjects by gender Variables Total (n = 351) Men (n = 132) Women (n=219) p FRS (points) 13.5 (4.8) 13.6 (5.0) 13.5 (4.5) 0.941 HDL-C (mg/dl) 37.0 (10.0) 32.0 (7.0) 40.0 (10.0) < 0.001 LDL-C (mg/dl) 139.0 (38.0) 133.0 (22.0) 41.0 (40.0) 0.092 TG (mg/dl)* 128.0 (94.0 - 188.0) 145.0 (10.06 - 213.0) 121.0 (90.0 - 172.0) 0.001 Apo AI (mg/dl) 132.0 (25.0) 123.0 (33.0) 137.0 (26.0) < 0.001 Apo B (mg/dl) 104.0 (25.0) 103.0 (23.0) 105.0 (26.0) 0.400 NEFA (mEq/dl) 0.6 (0.3) 0.6 (0.3) 0.7 (0.3) 0.016 Small LDL (%)* 1.6 (0.8 - 4.5) 2.1 (1.0 - 6.3) 1.4 (0.6 - 3.6) 0.003 Large LDL (%) 26.3 (5.4) 26.6 (4.9) 26.1 (5.6) 0.491 Small HDL (%) 19.8 (7.1) 21.1 (6.5) 19.1 (7.4) 0.022 Inter HDL (%) 50.3 (5.1) 51.1 (4.5) 49.8 (5.3) 0.039 Large HDL (%) 29.9 (8.6) 27.8 (7.8) 31.0 (8.8) 0.002 LDL size* (nm) 27.0 (26.5 - 27.2) 26.9 (26.4 - 27.1) 27.0 (26.7 - 27.2) 0.001 Phenotype A (%) ** 63.8 52.3 70.8 0.001 Glucose (mg/dl)* 97 (91.0 - 108.0) 98 (91.0 - 113.0) 97 (91.0 - 105.0) 0.358 Insulin (μIU/ml)* 16.3 (12.6 - 22.1) 15.6 (12.7 - 22.5) 16.7 (12.4 - 22.0) 0.791 HOMA-IR * 4.0 (2.9 -5.9) 4.2 (3.1 - 5.9) 4.0 (2.9 - 5.8) 0.596 Weight (kg) 77.9 (68.8 - 93.9) 89.7 (75.8 - 101.7) 72.9 (64.1 - 86.5) <0.001 WC (cm) 100.5 (13.5) 104.2 (12.7) 98.4 (13.5) <0.001 Body fat (%) 37.8 (25.2 - 46.0) 23.4 (20.7 - 26.9) 43.4 (38.4 - 49.2) <0.001 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 30.8 (5.9) 30.6 (5.4) 30.9 (6.2) 0.628 LAP * 57.7 (35.4 - 87.2) 68.4 (40.5 - 105.0) 53.2 (35.2 - 81.6) 0.026 Data presented as mean (SD) and median (p25-p75). Comparative analysis was performed by the unpaired Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test (*) and Pearson chi-square (**) (p < 0.05). FRS: Framingham Risk Score; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triacylglycerol; Apo AI: apolipoprotein AI; Apo B: apolipoprotein B; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids; BMI: body mass index; LAP: lipid accumulation product; WC: waist circumference. Table 3 – Linear trend analysis of Framingham risk score and biochemical variables in lipid accumulation product tertiles LAP Raw data Model A Model B T1 ≤ 45.5 (n = 117) 45.5 < T2 ≤ 80.3 (n = 117) T3 > 80.3 (n = 117) p p p FRS 12.3 13.6 14.6 *§ < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 TC (mg/dl) 198.2 201.0 216.0 *§ 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 HDL-C (mg/dl) 40.7 37.6 32.4 *§ < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 LDL-C (mg/dl) 139.6 136.1 136.2 0.514 0.660 0.770 Apo AI (mg/dl) 135.6 134.2 127.2 0.012 0.062 0.073 Apo B (mg/dl) 97.5 103.8 * 111.9 *§ < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 NEFA (mEq/dl) 0.6 0.6 0.7 * 0.012 0.002 0.006 Glucose (mg/dl) 96.4 101.8 122.1 *§ < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Insulin (μIU/ml) 15.1 19.0 * 21.0 * < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 HOMA-IR 3.6 4.7 6.2 *§ < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 ModelA: adjusted by sex and age. Model B: adjusted by sex, age, smoking, statin, fibrate, and hypoglycemic drugs. FRS: Framingham Risk Score; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo AI: apolipoprotein AI: Apo B: apolipoprotein B; NEFA: non‑esterified fatty acids; LAP: lipid accumulation product. Comparison between groups was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparisons by Tukey test. * versus T1, § versus T2. Significance level adopted for all analysis p < 0.05. 343