ABC | Volume 110, Nº3, March 2018

Original Article De-Paula et al Impact of asthma on ventricular function Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(3):231-239 Table 1 – Anthropometric data, and pulmonary function test in control and asthmatic groups Variable Control (n = 18) Asthma (n = 20) p Age (years) 12.67 ± 0,39 12.0 ± 0.38 0.143 M Male sex 44. 44% 50% - Weight (Kg) 52.5 ± 5.0 50.3 ± 3.2 0.21 T Height (m) 1.57 ± 0.34 1.53 ± 0.22 0.44 T BMI 21.1 ± 1.4 21.0 ± 1.0 0.93 T Normal weight range 44.45% 47.6% - Overweight 33.33% 23.8% - Obese 22.22% 28.6% - Pulmonary function FVC (% predicted) 108.7% ± 4.7 95.8% ± 3.1 0.814 T FEV 1 (% predicted) 102.2% ± 4.9 84.4% ± 3.5 0.011 T FEV 1 /FVC (%) 95.7% ± 1.6 86.4% ± 2.9 0.027 T Data expressed as mean ± SEM. BMI: body mass index; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV 1 : forced expiratory volume in first second of FVC; FEV 1 /FVC: Tiffeneau index. Comparison between the two groups was made through the t-student or non-parametric statistical test Mann-Whitney test. T t-Student and M Mann-Whitney. TAPSE, FAC% and S’ were similar in both asthmatic and control groups. MPI was higher in asthmatic group. TDI of right diastolic function revealed that E', A' and the E'/A' ratio, evaluated in the tricuspid annulus, differed significantly between groups. Similarly, E and A diastolic annular tricuspid velocity and E/A differed significantly between groups (Table 2). Moreover, the IVRT was significantly (p = 0.0007) higher in asthmatic group (57.15 ± 0.97 ms) in relation to control (52.28 ± 0.87 ms) group. Although PAT and PASP were within normal limits (> 130 ms and < 35 mmHg, respectively), these parameters differed significantly between the control and asthmatic groups. PAT was lower (p < 0.0001) and PASP (p < 0.0002) was higher in the asthma group (114.3 ± 3.70 ms and 25.40±0.54mmHg) than the control group (135.30±2.28ms and 22.22 ± 0.40 mmHg). Table 3 shows that S’ was lower and the MPI was higher in the group with asthma. TDI of left diastolic function revealed that both E' and A' differed significantly between groups. Peak E and A diastolic annular mitral velocity and E/A differed significantly between groups. Among the 18 healthy children and adolescents submitted to echocardiograms, nine were submitted to an evaluation of inspiratory muscle endurance and functional capacity, along with the administration of the questionnaires on quality of life and level of physical activity. The group with asthma was submitted to all tests employed in the present study. Inspiratory muscle endurance No significant differences between control and asthma groups were found regarding MIP (109.4 ± 14.19 cmH 2 O and 92.14 ± 5.62 cmH 2 O, p = 0.178) or baseline dyspnea (0.14 ± 0.09 and 0.18 ± 0.10, p = 0.871). Despite the shorter respiratory muscle endurance time in the group with asthma (128.9 ± 14.08 s), the difference did not achieve statistical significance in comparison with control group (154.9 ± 46.69 s). Final Borg scale scores were significantly higher in comparison to the baseline evaluation in both groups. Moreover, the group with asthma (6.1 ± 0.39) had significantly (p = 0.0129) higher final Borg scores in comparison to the control group (3.67 ± 0.41). Baseline physical activity and functional exercise capacity Mean baseline physical activity, evaluated by PAQ-C, was similar (p = 0.65) in both control (2.2) and asthmatic (2.04) groups. The mean number of hours spent in front of the television per day was five hours in the control group and 5.71 hours in the group with asthma. The functional exercise capacity was evaluated by 6MWT. All participants completed the test without interruption. No significant differences between groups were found regarding the cardiopulmonary variables (BP, HR, SpO 2 , and dyspnea). The walked distance did not differ (p = 0,239) between control (327.3 ± 15.73 m) and asthma (328.8 ± 8.61 m) groups. Evaluation of quality of life The quality of life in control and asthmatic groups was measured using the PedsQL 4.0. No significant difference between groups was found regarding the mean total PedsQL 4.0 score (p = 0.418) or separately the scores on the emotional (p = 0.698), social (p = 0.730), school functioning (p = 0.626) and psychosocial (p = 0.984) domains. The score on the physical domain, however, was significantly lower (p = 0.005) in the group with asthma (74.06 ± 2.54) in comparison to the control group (92.86 ± 3.71). Regarding the PAQLQ, no significant differences between sexes were found on any of the domains. The “symptoms” domain had the greatest negative impact (5.22 ± 0.23). 235