ABC | Volume 110, Nº1, January 2018

Original Article Liporaci et al Effects of tilt test in healthy subjects Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(1):74-83 1. Guyton AC. Tratado de fisiologia médica. 7ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 1997. 2. Lipsitz LA. Syncope in the elderly. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99(1):92-105. PMID: 6344721. 3. Brignole M, Alboni P, Benditt DG, Bergfeldt L, Blanc JJ, Bloch Thomsen PE, et al; Task Force on Syncope, European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2001;22(15):1256-306. doi: 10.1053/euhj.2001.2739. 4. Blanc JJ, Benditt DG. Syncope: definition, classification, and multiple potential causes. In: Benditt DG, Blanc JJ, Brignole M, Sutton RS. (editors). The evaluation and treatment of syncope: a handbook for clinical practice. Elmsford (NY): Futura/Blackwell; 2003. p. 3-10. 5. Schondorf R, Low PA. Gender related differences in the cardiovascular responses to upright tilt in normal subjects. ClinAuton Res. 1992;2(3):183-7. PMID: 1498564. 6. Convertino VA. Gender differences in autonomic functions associated with blood pressure regulation. Am J Physiol. 1998;275(6 Pt 2):R1909-20. PMID: 9843880. 7. Hainsworth R, Claydon VE. Syncope and fainting: classification and physiological basis. In: Bannister R, Mathias CJ. (editors). Autonomic failure: a textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006. 8. Kenny RA, Ingram A, Bayliss J, Sutton R. Head-up tilt: a useful test for investigating unexplained syncope. Lancet. 1986;1(8994):1352-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016?S0140-6736( 86)91665-x. 9. Benditt DG, Ferguson DW, Grubb BP, Kapoor WN, Kugler J, Lerman BB. Tilt table testing for assessing syncope. American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28(1):263-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0735- 1097(96)00236-7. 10. Palamarchuk IS, Baker J, Kimpinski K. The utility of Valsalvamaneuver in the diagnoses of orthostatic disorders. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2016;310(3):R243-52. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00290.2015. 11. Matsushima R, Tanaka H, Tamai H. Comparison of the active standing test and head-up tilt test for diagnosis of syncope in childhood and adolescence. Clin Auton Res. 2004;14(6):376-84. doi: 10.1007/ s10286-004-0182-2. 12. Vallejo M, Hermosillo AG, Infante O, Cárdenas M, Lerma C. Cardiac autonomicresponsetoactivestanding inadultswithvasovagalsyncope. JClin Neurophysiol.2015;32(5):434-9.doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000204. 13. Julu PO, Cooper VL, Hansen S, Hainsworth R. Cardiovascular regulation in the period preceding vasovagal syncope in conscious humans. J Physiol. 2003;549(Pt 1):299-311. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.036715. 14. Prakash ES, Pavithran P. A novel tilt table testing protocol for investigating patients suspected to have neurally mediated syncope. Int J Cardiol. 2007;121(3):315-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.002. 15. Liu J, Fang P, Liu Y, Lu G, Li Z, Li X, et al. Duration of head-up tilt test for patients with suspected vasovagal syncope. Europace. 2011;13(4):576-80. doi: 10.1093/europace/eur015. 16. Schroeder C, Tank J, Heusser K, Busjahn A, Diedrich A, Luft FC, et al. Orthostatic tolerance is difficult to predict in recurrent syncope patients. Clin Auton Res. 2011;21(1):37-45. doi: 10.1007/s10286-010-0090-6. 17. Freeman R. Assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117(4):716-30. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.09.027. 18. Gage WH, Winter DA, Frank JS, Adkin AL. Kinematic and kinetic validity of the inverted pendulum model in quiet standing. Gait Posture. 2004;19(2):124-32. doi: 10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00037-7. 19. Karlsson A, Persson T. The ankle strategy for postural control: A comparison between a model-based and a markerbased method. Comput Methods ProgramsBiomed.1997;52(3):165-73.doi :https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169- 2607(96)01794-4. 20. Aramaki Y, Nozaki D, Masani K, Sato T, Nakazawa K, Yano H. Reciprocal angular acceleration of the ankle and hip joints during quiet standing in humans. Exp Brain Res. 2001;136(4):463-73. PMID: 11291727. 21. Bardy BG, Marin L, Stoffregen TA, Bootsma RJ. Postural coordination modes considered as emergent phenomena. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1999;25(5):1284-301. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096- 1523.25.5.1284. 22. Creath R, Kiemel T, Horak F, Peterka R, Jeka J. A unified view of quiet and perturbed stance. Simultaneous coexisting excitablemodes. Neurosci Lett. 2005;377(2):75-80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.071. 23. Gatev P, Thomas S, Kepple T, Hallet M. Feedforward ankle strategy of balance during quiet stance in adults. J Physiol. 1999;514(Pt 3):915-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.915adx. 24. Walsh EG. Possible factors in postural sway. In: Cerebellum, posture and cerebral palsy. London: Little Club Clinics N.3. Heinemann; 1963. 25. Claydon VE, Hainsworth R. Increased postural sway in control subjects with poor orthostatic tolerance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(7):1309-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.07.011. References Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo under the protocol number 13626/2008. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. 82